Ahmed Masroor, Naqvi Baqir S, Shoaib Muhammad Harris, Shaikh Dilnawaz, Hashmi Khursheed
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi.
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2002 Jul;15(2):13-9.
More than 90% of world's children are born each year in the developing world. Each year 12.9 million children die. Twenty eight percent of death are caused by pneumonia, 23% by diarrheal disease and 16% by vaccine-preventable diseases. Thirty-five thousand die each day, most from common and preventable problems. Health and illness are the result of a complex dynamic of environmental, social, political and economic factors. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is a continuing serious problem in the treatment of infections. Although this problem was recognized shortly after the commercial introduction of antimicrobial agents, it means that resistance is now emerging at a more rapid rate than ever before. To start with, during the present study an effort has been made to accomplish this task, 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from different hospitals in Karachi. An in vitro study of these isolates was carried out by Agar dilution method using eleven antimicrobial agents and their combination (Lorian, 1991). Among Cephalosporins, third generation Cephalosporin, Cefotaxime was highly effective against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cefotaxime was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1.19% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 19% isolates of Escherichia coli and 10% isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant against Cefotaxime. In Quinolone group, Ofloxacin was highly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Whereas 28% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 26% isolates of Escherichia coli and 11% isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to Ofloxacin. Twenty six percent isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 58% isolates Escherichia coli were resistant against Ciprofloxacin.
每年全球90%以上的儿童出生在发展中世界。每年有1290万儿童死亡。28%的死亡由肺炎导致，23%由腹泻病导致，16%由疫苗可预防疾病导致。每天有3.5万人死亡，多数死于常见且可预防的问题。健康与疾病是环境、社会、政治和经济因素复杂动态作用的结果。细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性在感染治疗中一直是个严重问题。尽管在抗菌药物商业化应用后不久就认识到了这个问题，但这意味着耐药性现在正以前所未有的速度出现。首先，在本研究中努力完成这项任务，从卡拉奇的不同医院收集了84株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的临床分离株。使用11种抗菌药物及其组合通过琼脂稀释法对这些分离株进行了体外研究（洛里安，1991年）。在头孢菌素中，第三代头孢菌素头孢噻肟对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都非常有效。头孢噻肟对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌有活性。1.19%的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株、19%的大肠杆菌分离株和10%的铜绿假单胞菌分离株对头孢噻肟耐药。在喹诺酮类中，氧氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌有高度活性。而28%的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株、26%的大肠杆菌分离株和11%的铜绿假单胞菌分离株对氧氟沙星耐药。26%的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和58%的大肠杆菌分离株对环丙沙星耐药。
