Mesquita Mariana Laundry de, Desrivot Julie, Bories Christian, Fournet Alain, Paula José Elias de, Grellier Philippe, Espindola Laila Salmen
Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005 Nov;100(7):783-7. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000700019.
The side effects and the emerging resistance to the available drugs against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis led to the urgent need for new therapeutic agents against these diseases. Thirty one extracts of thirteen medicinal plants from the Brazilian Cerrado were therefore evaluated in vitro for their antiprotozoal activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, and amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the selected plants, Casearia sylvestris var. lingua was the most active against both L. donovani and T. cruzi. Fifteen extracts were active against promastigotes of L. donovani with concentrations inhibiting 50% of parasite growth (IC50) between 0.1-10 microg/ml, particularly those of Annona crassiflora (Annonaceae), Himatanthus obovatus (Apocynaceae), Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae), Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae), and Serjania lethalis (Sapindaceae). With regard to amastigotes of T. cruzi, extracts of A. crassiflora, Duguetia furfuracea (Annonaceae), and C. sylvestris var. lingua were active with IC50 values between 0.3-10 microg/ml. Bioassay fractionations of the more active extracts are under progress to identify the active antiparasite compounds.
利什曼病和锥虫病现有药物的副作用以及新出现的耐药性，使得迫切需要研发针对这些疾病的新型治疗药物。因此，对来自巴西塞拉多地区的13种药用植物的31种提取物进行了体外抗寄生虫活性评估，检测其对杜氏利什曼原虫前鞭毛体和克氏锥虫无鞭毛体的作用。在所筛选的植物中，舌形桤叶树对杜氏利什曼原虫和克氏锥虫的活性最强。15种提取物对杜氏利什曼原虫前鞭毛体有活性，其半数抑制浓度（IC50）在0.1 - 10微克/毫升之间，尤其是番荔枝科的粗柄番荔枝、夹竹桃科的倒卵叶喜树蕉、楝科的昆氏鹧鸪花、无患子科的春季瓜杯和无患子科的致死瓜瓶藤。对于克氏锥虫无鞭毛体，粗柄番荔枝、番荔枝科的糠秕杜桂和舌形桤叶树的提取物有活性，IC50值在0.3 - 10微克/毫升之间。目前正在对活性更强的提取物进行生物测定分级，以鉴定出具有活性的抗寄生虫化合物。
