Drillich M, Mahlstedt M, Reichert U, Tenhagen B A, Heuwieser W
Clinic for Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
J Dairy Sci. 2006 Feb;89(2):627-35. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72126-9.
In this field trial, a protocol for the treatment of retained fetal membranes (RFM) without any intrauterine therapy was compared with 3 protocols based on the intrauterine use of antibiotic pills (AP), the manual removal (MR) of the fetal membranes, or the combination of both (PR). The study was conducted on 5 commercial dairy farms in Germany. Cows with RFM for at least 24 h after calving were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Cows of all groups with a rectal temperature >or= 39.5 degrees C received a systemic antibiotic treatment with ceftiofur (1 mg/kg per d) for 3 to 5 consecutive days. In case of continued fever after 5 treatments, cows received a different antibiotic as an escape therapy. In the reference group (REF; n = 131), cows did not receive any additional treatment. All cows in group AP (n = 119) received intrauterine treatment with antibiotic pills consisting of 1,000 mg of ampicillin and 1,000 mg of cloxacillin for 3 consecutive days. In group MR (n = 121), an attempt was made to remove the fetal membranes manually, but uterine pills were not administered. In group PR (n = 130), an attempt was made to remove the fetal membranes manually and all cows received a local antibiotic treatment as in group AP. All cows received 2 doses of 25 mg of PGF(2alpha): one dose between 18 and 24 d and another between 32 and 38 d postpartum. Statistical analyses were performed using binary logistic regression models and survival analyses with group REF as reference. Of all animals, 79.8% had a body temperature of >or= 39.5 degrees C at least once within 10 d postpartum and were treated with ceftiofur. Occurrence of fever within 10 d postpartum was significantly lower in groups AP and PR compared with reference group REF, but was not different between groups MR and REF. Risk of receiving an escape therapy in case of fever after 5 treatments with ceftiofur did not differ among groups. Reproductive performance measures did not differ significantly between group REF and any of the comparison groups. Compared with a treatment protocol based only on systemic treatment with antibiotics for cows with a fever, neither intrauterine antibiotics nor manual removal of fetal membranes alone or in combination reduced proportions of cows needing an escape therapy nor did those treatments improve reproductive measures in the current lactation. Systemic treatment alone based on elevated rectal temperature was effective and reduced use of antibiotics compared with therapies that included intrauterine antibiotics.
在这项田间试验中，将一种不进行任何子宫内治疗的胎膜残留（RFM）治疗方案与3种基于子宫内使用抗生素丸剂（AP）、手动去除（MR）胎膜或两者结合（PR）的方案进行了比较。该研究在德国的5个商业奶牛场进行。产犊后胎膜残留至少24小时的奶牛被分配到4个治疗组中的1组。所有直肠温度≥39.5℃的组中的奶牛连续3至5天接受头孢噻呋（1毫克/千克/天）的全身抗生素治疗。5次治疗后仍持续发热的奶牛接受不同的抗生素作为解救疗法。在参考组（REF；n = 131）中，奶牛未接受任何额外治疗。AP组（n = 119）的所有奶牛连续3天接受由1000毫克氨苄青霉素和1000毫克氯唑西林组成的抗生素丸剂进行子宫内治疗。MR组（n = 121）尝试手动去除胎膜，但未施用子宫丸剂。PR组（n = 130）尝试手动去除胎膜，并且所有奶牛与AP组一样接受局部抗生素治疗。所有奶牛接受2剂25毫克的前列腺素F2α：一剂在产后18至24天之间，另一剂在产后32至38天之间。使用二元逻辑回归模型进行统计分析，并以REF组作为参考进行生存分析。在所有动物中，79.8%在产后10天内至少有一次体温≥39.5℃并接受了头孢噻呋治疗。与参考组REF相比，AP组和PR组产后10天内发热的发生率显著较低，但MR组和REF组之间没有差异。用头孢噻呋治疗5次后发热时接受解救疗法的风险在各组之间没有差异。参考组REF与任何比较组之间的繁殖性能指标没有显著差异。与仅基于对发热奶牛进行全身抗生素治疗的方案相比，子宫内抗生素或单独或联合手动去除胎膜既没有降低需要解救疗法的奶牛比例，也没有改善当前泌乳期的繁殖指标。与包括子宫内抗生素的疗法相比，仅基于直肠温度升高的全身治疗是有效的，并且减少了抗生素的使用。
