Lecavalier L, Leone S, Wiltz J
Nisonger Center and Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210-1257, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2006 Mar;50(Pt 3):172-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00732.x.
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of caregiver stress in a large sample of young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Two main objectives were to: (1) disentangle the effects of behaviour problems and level of functioning on caregiver stress; and (2) measure the stability of behaviour problems and caregiver stress.
Parents or teachers of 293 young people with ASDs completed measures of stress, behaviour problems and social competence. Parents also completed an adaptive behaviour scale. Eighty-one young people were rated twice at a 1-year interval.
Parents and teachers did not perfectly agree on the nature and severity of behaviour problems. However, both sets of ratings indicated that behaviour problems were strongly associated with stress. Conduct problems in particular were significant predictors of stress. Adaptive skills were not significantly associated with caregiver stress. Parental reports of behaviour problems and stress were quite stable over the 1-year interval, much more so than teacher reports. Parent ratings suggested that behaviour problems and stress exacerbated each other over time. This transactional model did not fit the teacher data.
Results of this study suggested that it is a specific group of externalized behaviours that are the most strongly associated with both parent and teacher stress. Results were discussed from methodological and conceptual perspectives.
本研究旨在调查大量患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的年轻人中照顾者压力的相关因素。两个主要目标是：（1）理清行为问题和功能水平对照顾者压力的影响；（2）测量行为问题和照顾者压力的稳定性。
293名患有ASD的年轻人的父母或教师完成了压力、行为问题和社交能力的测量。父母还完成了一份适应性行为量表。81名年轻人每隔1年接受两次评估。
父母和教师对行为问题的性质和严重程度的看法并不完全一致。然而，两组评分都表明行为问题与压力密切相关。特别是品行问题是压力的重要预测因素。适应技能与照顾者压力没有显著关联。父母对行为问题和压力的报告在1年的时间间隔内相当稳定，比教师的报告稳定得多。父母的评分表明，随着时间的推移，行为问题和压力会相互加剧。这种相互作用模型并不适用于教师的数据。
本研究结果表明，是特定的一组外化行为与父母和教师的压力最密切相关。从方法学和概念的角度对结果进行了讨论。
