Portney Nathaniel G, Ozkan Mihrimah
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2006 Feb;384(3):620-30. doi: 10.1007/s00216-005-0247-7. Epub 2006 Jan 27.
Innovation in the last decade has endowed nanotechnology with an assortment of tools for delivery, imaging, and sensing in cancer research-stealthy nanoparticle vectors circulating in vivo, assembled with exquisite molecular control, capable of selective tumor targeting and potent delivery of therapeutics; intense and photostable quantum dot-based tumor imaging, enabling multicolor detection of cell receptors with a single optical excitation source; arrays of semiconducting nanowire and carbon nanotube sensor elements for selective multiplexed sensing of cancer markers without the need for probe labeling. These rapidly emerging tools are indicative of a burgeoning field ready to expand into medical applications. This review attempts to outline most of the current nanoparticle toolset for therapeutic release by liposomes, dendrimers, smart polymers, and virus-based systems. Advantages of nanoparticle-based imaging and targeting by use of nanoshells and quantum dots are also explored. Finally, emerging nanoelectronics-based sensing and a global discussion on the utility of each nanoparticle system addresses their fundamental advantages and shortcomings in cancer research.
过去十年的创新为纳米技术配备了一系列用于癌症研究中的递送、成像和传感的工具——体内循环的隐形纳米颗粒载体，通过精确的分子控制组装而成，能够选择性地靶向肿瘤并高效递送治疗药物；基于量子点的高强度且光稳定的肿瘤成像，可通过单一光激发源对细胞受体进行多色检测；半导体纳米线和碳纳米管传感器元件阵列，用于选择性多重检测癌症标志物，无需探针标记。这些迅速涌现的工具表明一个新兴领域正准备扩展到医学应用中。本综述试图概述目前通过脂质体、树枝状大分子、智能聚合物和基于病毒的系统进行治疗释放的大多数纳米颗粒工具集。还探讨了使用纳米壳和量子点进行基于纳米颗粒的成像和靶向的优势。最后，新兴的基于纳米电子学的传感以及关于每个纳米颗粒系统效用的全面讨论阐述了它们在癌症研究中的基本优点和缺点。
