Yang Xinfu, Ye Wenxin, Qi Yajun, Ying Yin, Xia Zhongni
Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Jul 8;9:696514. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.696514. eCollection 2021.
In the recent few decades, the increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has reached an alarming rate and caused serious health problems. The incidence of infections due to MDR bacteria has been accompanied by morbidity and mortality; therefore, tackling bacterial resistance has become an urgent and unmet challenge to be properly addressed. The field of nanomedicine has the potential to design and develop efficient antimicrobials for MDR bacteria using its innovative and alternative approaches. The uniquely constructed nano-sized antimicrobials have a predominance over traditional antibiotics because their small size helps them in better interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, surface engineering of nanocarriers offers significant advantages of targeting and modulating various resistance mechanisms, thus owe superior qualities for overcoming bacterial resistance. This review covers different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, application of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery, functionalization of nanocarriers, application of functionalized nanocarriers for overcoming bacterial resistance, possible limitations of nanocarrier-based approach for antibacterial delivery, and future of surface-functionalized antimicrobial delivery systems.
在最近几十年里，多重耐药（MDR）细菌的增长速度已达到惊人的程度，并引发了严重的健康问题。由MDR细菌引起的感染发生率伴随着发病率和死亡率；因此，应对细菌耐药性已成为一个亟待解决且尚未满足的紧迫挑战。纳米医学领域有潜力利用其创新和替代方法来设计和开发针对MDR细菌的高效抗菌剂。独特构建的纳米级抗菌剂相对于传统抗生素具有优势，因为它们的小尺寸有助于它们与细菌细胞更好地相互作用。此外，纳米载体的表面工程在靶向和调节各种耐药机制方面具有显著优势，因此在克服细菌耐药性方面具有卓越的品质。这篇综述涵盖了抗生素耐药性的不同机制、纳米载体系统在药物递送中的应用、纳米载体的功能化、功能化纳米载体在克服细菌耐药性方面的应用、基于纳米载体的抗菌递送方法可能存在的局限性以及表面功能化抗菌递送系统的未来。
