Krieger James W, Sitren Harry S, Daniels Michael J, Langkamp-Henken Bobbi
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0370, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):260-74. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.260.
It is unclear whether low-carbohydrate, high-protein, weight-loss diets benefit body mass and composition beyond energy restriction alone.
The objective was to use meta-regression to determine the effects of variations in protein and carbohydrate intakes on body mass and composition during energy restriction.
English-language studies with a dietary intervention of > or =4200 kJ/d (1000 kcal/d), with a duration of > or =4 wk, and conducted in subjects aged > or =19 y were considered eligible for inclusion. A self-reported intake in conjunction with a biological marker of macronutrient intake was required as a minimum level of dietary control. A total of 87 studies comprising 165 intervention groups met the inclusion criteria.
After control for energy intake, diets consisting of < or =35-41.4% energy from carbohydrate were associated with a 1.74 kg greater loss of body mass, a 0.69 kg greater loss of fat-free mass, a 1.29% greater loss in percentage body fat, and a 2.05 kg greater loss of fat mass than were diets with a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrate. In studies that were conducted for >12 wk, these differences increased to 6.56 kg, 1.74 kg, 3.55%, and 5.57 kg, respectively. Protein intakes of >1.05 g/kg were associated with 0.60 kg additional fat-free mass retention compared with diets with protein intakes < or =1.05 g/kg. In studies conducted for >12 wk, this difference increased to 1.21 kg. No significant effects of protein intake on loss of either body mass or fat mass were observed.
Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets favorably affect body mass and composition independent of energy intake, which in part supports the proposed metabolic advantage of these diets.
低碳水化合物、高蛋白的减肥饮食是否能在单纯能量限制之外对体重和身体组成产生益处尚不清楚。
使用meta回归来确定能量限制期间蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量的变化对体重和身体组成的影响。
将每日饮食干预量≥4200千焦（1000千卡）、持续时间≥4周且在年龄≥19岁的受试者中进行的英文研究视为符合纳入标准。作为最低饮食控制水平，需要自我报告摄入量并结合宏量营养素摄入的生物标志物。共有87项研究（包括165个干预组）符合纳入标准。
在控制能量摄入后，碳水化合物供能占比≤35 - 41.4%的饮食与碳水化合物供能占比更高的饮食相比，体重减轻多1.74千克，去脂体重减轻多0.69千克，体脂百分比降低多1.29%，脂肪量减少多2.05千克。在持续时间超过12周的研究中，这些差异分别增至6.56千克、1.74千克、3.55%和5.57千克。与蛋白质摄入量≤1.05克/千克的饮食相比，蛋白质摄入量>1.05克/千克与额外保留0.60千克去脂体重有关。在持续时间超过12周的研究中，这种差异增至1.21千克。未观察到蛋白质摄入量对体重或脂肪量减轻有显著影响。
低碳水化合物、高蛋白饮食独立于能量摄入对体重和身体组成产生有利影响，这部分支持了这些饮食所提出的代谢优势。
