Jensen Majken K, Koh-Banerjee Pauline, Franz Mary, Sampson Laura, Grønbaek Morten, Rimm Eric B
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):275-83. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.275.
Intake of whole grains is inversely associated with risk of diabetes and ischemic heart disease in observational studies. The lower risk associated with high whole-grain intakes may be mediated through improvements in glycemic control, lipid profiles, or reduced inflammation.
The aim was to examine whether the intake of whole grains, bran, and germ is related to homocysteine, plasma markers of glycemic control (fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, C-peptide, and leptin), lipids (total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol), and inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and interleukin 6).
This was a cross-sectional study of the relations of whole grains, bran, and germ intakes with homocysteine and markers of glycemic control, lipids, and inflammation in 938 healthy men and women.
Whole-grain intake was inversely associated with homocysteine and markers of glycemic control. Compared with participants in the bottom quintile of whole-grain intake, participants in the highest quintile had 17%, 14%, 14%, and 11% lower concentrations of homocysteine (P < 0.01), insulin (P = 0.12), C-peptide (P = 0.03), and leptin (P = 0.03), respectively. Inverse associations were also observed with total cholesterol (P = 0.02), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.05), and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.10). Whole-grain intake was not associated with the markers of inflammation. Whole-grain intake was most strongly inversely associated with markers of glycemic control in this population.
The results suggest a lower risk of diabetes and heart disease in persons who consume diets high in whole grains.
在观察性研究中，全谷物摄入量与糖尿病和缺血性心脏病风险呈负相关。高全谷物摄入量相关的较低风险可能通过改善血糖控制、血脂水平或减轻炎症来介导。
旨在研究全谷物、麸皮和胚芽的摄入量是否与同型半胱氨酸、血糖控制的血浆标志物（空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白A1c、C肽和瘦素）、血脂（总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）以及炎症（C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原和白细胞介素6）有关。
这是一项横断面研究，研究了938名健康男性和女性的全谷物、麸皮和胚芽摄入量与同型半胱氨酸以及血糖控制、血脂和炎症标志物之间的关系。
全谷物摄入量与同型半胱氨酸和血糖控制标志物呈负相关。与全谷物摄入量最低五分位数的参与者相比，最高五分位数的参与者同型半胱氨酸浓度低17%（P<0.01），胰岛素浓度低14%（P = 0.12），C肽浓度低14%（P = 0.03），瘦素浓度低11%（P = 0.03）。还观察到与总胆固醇（P = 0.02）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P = 0.05）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P = 0.10）呈负相关。全谷物摄入量与炎症标志物无关。在该人群中，全谷物摄入量与血糖控制标志物的负相关最为强烈。
结果表明，食用高全谷物饮食的人患糖尿病和心脏病的风险较低。
