Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;94(1):182-90. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009555. Epub 2011 May 4.
Dietary glycemic index and load are widely used to estimate the effect of carbohydrate-containing foods on postprandial blood glucose concentrations and as surrogates for insulin response. The food insulin index (II) directly quantifies the postprandial insulin secretion of a food and takes into account foods with a low or no carbohydrate content.
We investigated the average dietary II and insulin load (IL) in relation to biomarkers of glycemic control, plasma lipids, and inflammation markers.
In a cross-sectional setting and with the use of data from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we measured plasma concentrations of C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (Hb A(1c)), HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in fasting blood samples of 4002 healthy men and women. The dietary II and IL were assessed from food-frequency questionnaires by using directly analyzed or published food II data.
After multivariate adjustment, participants in the highest quintile of II had 26% higher triglyceride concentrations than did participants in the lowest quintile of II (P for trend < 0.0001). This association was strongest in obese [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) ≥30] participants (difference between highest and lowest quintiles in the II: 72%; P for trend = 0.01). Dietary II was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol in obese participants (difference: -18%; P for trend = 0.03). Similar associations were seen for the IL. Dietary II and IL were not significantly associated with plasma C-peptide, Hb A(1c), LDL cholesterol, CRP, or IL-6.
Dietary II and IL were not associated with fasting biomarkers of glycemic control but may be physiologically relevant to plasma lipids, especially in obese individuals.
饮食血糖指数和负荷广泛用于估计含碳水化合物食物对餐后血糖浓度的影响，并作为胰岛素反应的替代物。食物胰岛素指数（II）直接量化食物的餐后胰岛素分泌，并考虑到低或无碳水化合物含量的食物。
我们研究了平均饮食 II 和胰岛素负荷（IL）与血糖控制、血浆脂质和炎症标志物的关系。
在横断面研究中，并使用护士健康研究和健康专业人员随访研究的数据，我们测量了 4002 名健康男性和女性空腹血样中的 C 肽、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、C 反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的血浆浓度。通过使用直接分析或已发表的食物 II 数据的食物频率问卷来评估饮食 II 和 IL。
经过多变量调整后，II 最高五分位组的甘油三酯浓度比 II 最低五分位组高 26%（趋势 P<0.0001）。这种关联在肥胖者（体重指数（kg/m2）≥30）中最强（II 最高和最低五分位之间的差异：72%；趋势 P=0.01）。饮食 II 与肥胖参与者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关（差异：-18%；趋势 P=0.03）。IL 也存在类似的关联。饮食 II 和 IL 与空腹 C 肽、HbA1c、LDL 胆固醇、CRP 或 IL-6 无显著相关性。
饮食 II 和 IL 与空腹血糖控制的生物标志物无关，但可能与血浆脂质有关，尤其是在肥胖者中。
