Toga Arthur W, Thompson Paul M, Sowell Elizabeth R
Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Suite 225, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7332, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2006 Mar;29(3):148-59. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.01.007. Epub 2006 Feb 10.
Human brain maturation is a complex, lifelong process that can now be examined in detail using neuroimaging techniques. Ongoing projects scan subjects longitudinally with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling the time-course and anatomical sequence of development to be reconstructed. Here, we review recent progress on imaging studies of development. We focus on cortical and subcortical changes observed in healthy children, and contrast them with abnormal developmental changes in early-onset schizophrenia, fetal alcohol syndrome, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Williams syndrome. We relate these structural changes to the cellular processes that underlie them, and to cognitive and behavioral changes occurring throughout childhood and adolescence.
人类大脑成熟是一个复杂的、贯穿一生的过程,现在可以使用神经成像技术进行详细研究。正在进行的项目通过结构磁共振成像(MRI)对受试者进行纵向扫描,从而能够重建发育的时间进程和解剖序列。在此,我们回顾发育成像研究的最新进展。我们关注在健康儿童中观察到的皮质和皮质下变化,并将它们与早发性精神分裂症、胎儿酒精综合征、注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和威廉姆斯综合征中的异常发育变化进行对比。我们将这些结构变化与其背后的细胞过程,以及整个儿童期和青少年期发生的认知和行为变化联系起来。