Bögels Susan M, Brechman-Toussaint Margaret L
University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Education, PO Box 94208, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Nov;26(7):834-56. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.08.001. Epub 2006 Feb 13.
Family studies have found a large overlap between anxiety disorders in family members. In addition to genetic heritability, a range of family factors may also be involved in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. Evidence for a relationship between family factors and childhood as well as parental anxiety is reviewed. Four groups of family variables are considered: (I) attachment; (II), aspects of family functioning, such as marital conflict, co-parenting, functioning of the family as a whole, and sibling relationships; (III) parental rearing strategies; and (IV) beliefs that parents hold about their child. The reviewed literature provides evidence for an association between each of these family factors and child anxiety. However, there is little evidence as yet that identified family factors are specific to child anxiety, rather than to child psychopathology in general. Moreover, evidence for a relationship between child anxiety and family factors is predominantly cross-sectional. Therefore, whether the identified family factors cause childhood anxiety still needs to be investigated. Further research that investigates mechanisms mediating the relationship between family factors and child anxiety is also called for. Finally, parental beliefs are identified as important predictors of parental behaviour that have largely not been investigated in relation to child anxiety disorders.
家族研究发现家庭成员的焦虑症之间存在很大重叠。除了遗传遗传性外，一系列家庭因素也可能参与焦虑的代际传递。本文综述了家庭因素与儿童期以及父母焦虑之间关系的证据。考虑了四组家庭变量：（I）依恋；（II）家庭功能的各个方面，如婚姻冲突、共同养育、整个家庭的功能以及兄弟姐妹关系；（III）父母的养育策略；以及（IV）父母对其孩子的信念。所综述的文献为这些家庭因素中的每一个与儿童焦虑之间的关联提供了证据。然而，目前几乎没有证据表明所确定的家庭因素是儿童焦虑所特有的，而不是一般儿童精神病理学所特有的。此外，儿童焦虑与家庭因素之间关系的证据主要是横断面的。因此，所确定的家庭因素是否导致儿童期焦虑仍有待研究。还需要进一步研究来探讨介导家庭因素与儿童焦虑之间关系的机制。最后，父母的信念被确定为父母行为的重要预测因素，而在儿童焦虑症方面，这方面的研究基本上还没有开展。
