de Rugy Aymar, Salesse Robin, Oullier Olivier, Temprado Jean-Jacques
Perception and Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Room 424, Building 26, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Biol Cybern. 2006 Jun;94(6):427-43. doi: 10.1007/s00422-006-0059-7. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
The present study investigates the coordination between two people oscillating handheld pendulums, with a special emphasis on the influence of the mechanical properties of the effector systems involved. The first part of the study is an experiment in which eight pairs of participants are asked to coordinate the oscillation of their pendulum with the other participant's in an in-phase or antiphase fashion. Two types of pendulums, A and B, having different resonance frequencies (Freq A=0.98 Hz and Freq B=0.64 Hz), were used in different experimental combinations. Results confirm that the preferred frequencies produced by participants while manipulating each pendulum individually were close to the resonance frequencies of the pendulums. In their attempt to synchronize with one another, participants met at common frequencies that were influenced by the mechanical properties of the two pendulums involved. In agreement with previous studies, both the variability of the behavior and the shift in the intended relative phase were found to depend on the task-effector asymmetry, i.e., the difference between the mechanical properties of the effector systems involved. In the second part of the study, we propose a model to account for these results. The model consists of two cross-coupled neuro-mechanical units, each composed of a neural oscillator driving a wrist-pendulum system. Taken individually, each unit reproduced the natural tendency of the participants to freely oscillate a pendulum close to its resonance frequency. When cross-coupled through the vision of the pendulum of the other unit, the two units entrain each other and meet at a common frequency influenced by the mechanical properties of the two pendulums involved. The ability of the proposed model to address the other effects observed as a function of the different conditions of the pendulum and intended mode of coordination is discussed.
本研究调查了两人摆动手中摆锤时的协调性，特别强调了所涉及效应器系统的机械特性的影响。研究的第一部分是一项实验，要求八对参与者以同相或反相方式协调他们的摆锤与另一位参与者的摆锤的摆动。使用了两种具有不同共振频率（频率A = 0.98赫兹，频率B = 0.64赫兹）的摆锤A和B，用于不同的实验组合。结果证实，参与者在单独操作每个摆锤时产生的偏好频率接近摆锤的共振频率。在他们试图相互同步的过程中，参与者在受所涉及的两个摆锤的机械特性影响的共同频率上达成一致。与先前的研究一致，发现行为的变异性和预期相对相位的偏移都取决于任务 - 效应器不对称性，即所涉及的效应器系统的机械特性之间的差异。在研究的第二部分，我们提出了一个模型来解释这些结果。该模型由两个交叉耦合的神经 - 机械单元组成，每个单元由一个驱动腕部 - 摆锤系统的神经振荡器组成。单独来看，每个单元都再现了参与者使摆锤在其共振频率附近自由摆动的自然倾向。当通过另一个单元的摆锤的视觉进行交叉耦合时，两个单元相互牵引并在受所涉及的两个摆锤的机械特性影响的共同频率上达成一致。讨论了所提出的模型解决观察到的作为摆锤不同条件和预期协调模式的函数的其他效应的能力。
