Unger Nadine, Shindell Drew T, Koch Dorothy M, Streets David G
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Mar 21;103(12):4377-80. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508769103. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
Tropospheric O(3) and sulfate both contribute to air pollution and climate forcing. There is a growing realization that air quality and climate change issues are strongly connected. To date, the importance of the coupling between O(3) and sulfate has not been fully appreciated, and thus regulations treat each pollutant separately. We show that emissions of O(3) precursors can dramatically affect regional sulfate air quality and climate forcing. At 2030 in an A1B future, increased O(3) precursor emissions enhance surface sulfate over India and China by up to 20% because of increased levels of OH and gas-phase SO(2) oxidation rates and add up to 20% to the direct sulfate forcing for that region relative to the present day. Hence, O(3) precursors impose an indirect forcing via sulfate, which is more than twice the direct O(3) forcing itself (compare -0.61 vs. +0.35 W/m(2)). Regulatory policy should consider both air quality and climate and should address O(3) and sulfate simultaneously because of the strong interaction between these species.
对流层中的臭氧（O₃）和硫酸盐都对空气污染和气候强迫有影响。人们越来越认识到空气质量和气候变化问题紧密相连。迄今为止，O₃和硫酸盐之间耦合的重要性尚未得到充分认识，因此相关法规对每种污染物分别进行处理。我们表明，O₃前体物的排放会显著影响区域硫酸盐空气质量和气候强迫。在A1B情景下的2030年，由于OH水平和气相SO₂氧化速率的增加，O₃前体物排放的增加使印度和中国的地表硫酸盐含量最多提高20%，并且相对于当前，该区域的直接硫酸盐强迫增加了20%。因此，O₃前体物通过硫酸盐施加间接强迫，这是直接O₃强迫本身的两倍多（比较 -0.61 与 +0.35 W/m²）。监管政策应同时考虑空气质量和气候，并且由于这些物质之间的强烈相互作用，应同时应对O₃和硫酸盐。
