Gallo Linda C, Matthews Karen A
SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Psychosom Med. 2006 Mar-Apr;68(2):253-61. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000204633.33599.81.
Adult attachment theory provides a useful framework for understanding how early developmental experiences affect social processes, associated physiological stress responses, and ultimately, health across the lifespan. The current study examined the effects of attachment orientation on physiological responses to naturalistic social interactions in adolescents.
Two-hundred five black (49%) and white high school students (14-16 years; 50% boys) completed a measure of anxious and avoidant attachment, and underwent 1.5 days of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate (AmBP and AmHR) monitoring while they tracked social experiences.
As predicted, individuals with higher avoidant attachment reported fewer interactions with friends (t [299] = -3.18, p < .01) and more anxious adolescents experienced less pleasant interactions both during (t [299] = -3.59, p < .01) and outside of school hours (t [298] = -3.59, p < .01). Individuals who were higher in anxious attachment showed augmented ambulatory diastolic and systolic blood pressure (AmDBP, AmSBP; both p < .05) in conjunction with current or recent interactions with friends. More avoidant adolescents exhibited augmented AmDBP responses to social conflict (p < .05).
The current findings suggest that adolescent attachment orientation may shape later physical health through influences on the nature of, and physiological responses to, social interactions in everyday life.
成人依恋理论为理解早期发育经历如何影响社会过程、相关的生理应激反应以及最终影响整个生命周期的健康提供了一个有用的框架。本研究考察了依恋取向对青少年自然主义社交互动生理反应的影响。
205名黑人（49%）和白人高中生（14 - 16岁；50%为男生）完成了一项焦虑和回避型依恋测量，并在追踪社交经历的同时接受了1.5天的动态血压和心率（AmBP和AmHR）监测。
正如预期的那样，回避型依恋程度较高的个体报告与朋友的互动较少（t[299] = -3.18，p <.01），而焦虑程度较高的青少年在上学期间（t[299] = -3.59，p <.01）和校外时间（t[298] = -3.59，p <.01）都经历了不太愉快的互动。焦虑依恋程度较高的个体在与朋友当前或近期互动时，动态舒张压和收缩压（AmDBP，AmSBP；均p <.05）升高。回避型依恋程度较高的青少年对社会冲突表现出更强的AmDBP反应（p <.05）。
目前的研究结果表明，青少年依恋取向可能通过影响日常生活中社交互动的性质和生理反应来塑造后期的身体健康。
