Eric D. Zemper is President at Exercise Research Associates of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97440.
J Athl Train. 1994 Mar;29(1):44-50.
Data on helmet models used and occurrence of cerebral concussions over five seasons were collected from a representative sample of college football teams including a total of 8,312 player-seasons and 618,596 athlete-exposures to the possibility of being injured in a game or practice. Results showed that players with a history of concussion any time during the previous 5 years were six times as likely to suffer a new concussion as those with no previous history. In light of previous studies showing cognitive deficits for up to 30 days following even minor head injuries, and the growing awareness of "second impact" fatalities, these data support a need for reconsideration of the common practice of immediate return to play following non-loss-of-consciousness head injuries. Results on concussion frequency in ten models of football helmets indicated a significantly lower than expected frequency in the Riddell M155 and a significantly higher frequency in the Bike Air Power. All other models performed within expectations. This study demonstrates the need for monitoring on-the-field performance of football helmets through continuing epidemiological studies to supplement laboratory test data, which cannot duplicate all the factors involved in actual helmet performance.
从包括总共 8312 名球员-赛季和 618596 名运动员-暴露于比赛或练习中受伤可能性在内的有代表性的大学橄榄球队样本中收集了有关使用的头盔型号和五个赛季中脑震荡发生的数据。结果表明，在过去 5 年内任何时候有脑震荡病史的运动员比没有脑震荡病史的运动员更容易发生新的脑震荡。鉴于先前的研究表明，即使是轻微的头部受伤后 30 天内也会出现认知缺陷，并且人们越来越意识到“二次冲击”的致命性，这些数据支持重新考虑在没有失去意识的头部受伤后立即重返比赛的常见做法。十种橄榄球头盔的脑震荡频率结果表明，Riddell M155 的频率明显低于预期，而 Bike Air Power 的频率明显更高。其他所有型号的表现均符合预期。这项研究表明，需要通过持续的流行病学研究来监测橄榄球头盔的场上表现，以补充实验室测试数据，实验室测试数据无法复制实际头盔性能中涉及的所有因素。
