Nigg B M
Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990 Feb;22(1):131-9.
Inappropriate cushioning and/or tractional characteristics of sports surfaces are assumed to increase surface-related injuries in various sports activities. Various tests assessing cushioning and frictional properties are currently in use to evaluate sports surfaces with respect to their potential to reduce the number of surface-related injuries. A critical review of the currently used test procedures showed that most of them are not relevant. The main shortcomings are 1) errors in the measured test results by not correcting for inertia terms due to moving test foot or surface sample, 2) use of inadequate material test procedures where the test procedure influences significantly the test result, and 3) use of material test procedures where the used materials or the applied forces are not representative of the actual situation during sport activities. It is suggested that appropriate test batteries should include 1) test procedures that determine the material properties (stress-strain relation and traction coefficients) relevant for the surface-shoe interaction and 2) subject tests that describe the adaptation of the athlete to the surface-shoe-athlete situation.
运动场地不适当的缓冲和/或摩擦特性被认为会增加各种体育活动中与场地相关的损伤。目前使用各种评估缓冲和摩擦性能的测试来评估运动场地减少与场地相关损伤数量的潜力。对当前使用的测试程序进行的批判性审查表明，其中大多数并不相关。主要缺点包括：1）由于测试脚或表面样本移动而未校正惯性项，导致测量的测试结果存在误差；2）使用不充分的材料测试程序，其中测试程序对测试结果有显著影响；3）使用材料测试程序时，所使用的材料或施加的力不能代表体育活动中的实际情况。建议适当的测试组合应包括：1）确定与表面-鞋子相互作用相关的材料特性（应力-应变关系和摩擦系数）的测试程序；2）描述运动员对表面-鞋子-运动员情况适应性的受试者测试。
