Read Jennifer P, O'Connor Roisin M
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Mar;67(2):204-14. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2006.67.204.
The present study examined the influences of personality dimensions (extraversion, neuroticism) on college alcohol involvement both (1) directly and (2) mediated by positive and negative alcohol expectancies across two imagined (high and low) alcohol doses.
Participants (N = 339; 176 women) were regularly drinking college students who completed a questionnaire battery on demographic characteristics, personality, expectancies, and alcohol use and problems.
Structural equation modeling analysis of low- and high-dose models revealed partial support for the Social Learning Theory conceptualization of expectancies as mediators of more distal (personality) influences. Interestingly, patterns of association differed by dose. At high-expectancy doses, positive alcohol expectancies fully mediated the extraversion-use association. At low doses, positive expectancies did not play a critical role. Two distinct pathways from neuroticism to alcohol use were observed: a direct pathway, whereby neuroticism is a protective factor for alcohol use, and an indirect pathway, through positive expectancies, whereby neuroticism is a risk factor. The protective pathway was evident regardless of expectancy doses, whereas the risk pathway was evident only at high doses. Negative expectancies partially mediated the association between neuroticism and alcohol problems at both high- and low-expectancy doses.
These data underscore the unique role of both positive and negative expectancies in the association between personality and drinking behavior and point to the importance of considering alcohol dose when assessing expectancies. Findings suggest that it may be beliefs about the effects resulting from heavy (rather than moderate) drinking that may be the active mechanism underlying drinking behavior.
本研究考察了人格维度（外向性、神经质）对大学生饮酒行为的影响，具体包括：（1）直接影响；（2）在两种想象的（高剂量和低剂量）酒精摄入情况下，通过积极和消极的酒精预期产生的中介影响。
参与者（N = 339；176名女性）为经常饮酒的大学生，他们完成了一系列关于人口统计学特征、人格、预期以及酒精使用和问题的问卷调查。
低剂量和高剂量模型的结构方程模型分析部分支持了社会学习理论中关于预期作为更间接（人格）影响的中介的概念化。有趣的是，关联模式因剂量而异。在高预期剂量下，积极的酒精预期完全中介了外向性与饮酒行为之间的关联。在低剂量下，积极预期没有起到关键作用。观察到从神经质到饮酒行为有两条不同的途径：一条直接途径，即神经质是饮酒行为的保护因素；另一条间接途径，通过积极预期，即神经质是风险因素。无论预期剂量如何，保护途径都很明显，而风险途径仅在高剂量时明显。消极预期在高预期剂量和低预期剂量下都部分中介了神经质与酒精问题之间的关联。
这些数据强调了积极和消极预期在人格与饮酒行为关联中的独特作用，并指出在评估预期时考虑酒精剂量的重要性。研究结果表明，可能是关于大量（而非适度）饮酒所产生影响的信念，才是饮酒行为背后的积极机制。
