Nagoshi C T, Nakata T, Sasano K, Wood M D
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Jun;18(3):671-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00929.x.
Two hundred eighty-two students at Arizona State University in the U.S. and 339 students at Okayama University in Japan completed a questionnaire on their alcohol use, expectancies of the effects of alcohol on their own and others' moods and behaviors, the desirability of these effects, norms of significant others for levels of alcohol use and the subject's desire to comply with these norms, and reasons for drinking and not drinking alcohol. Although frequencies of current drinkers versus abstainers did not differ between the two samples, the U.S. students began regular alcohol use at a significantly earlier age, currently drank more alcohol, had higher alcohol expectancies for emotional responses, and endorsed more celebratory reasons for drinking than their Japanese counterparts. U.S. students, however, had lower expectancies for flushing and lower perceived norms for drinking. Hierarchical multiple regressions performed using data from the current drinkers indicated that expectancies of disinhibition and especially aggressiveness after alcohol use, alcohol norms, celebratory (but not pathological) reasons for drinking, and reasons for not drinking were more predictive of reported levels of alcohol use among the U.S. students as compared with the Japanese students.
美国亚利桑那州立大学的282名学生和日本冈山大学的339名学生完成了一份问卷，内容涉及他们的饮酒情况、对酒精对自身及他人情绪和行为影响的预期、这些影响的可取性、重要他人对饮酒量的规范以及受试者遵守这些规范的意愿，还有饮酒和不饮酒的原因。尽管两个样本中当前饮酒者与戒酒者的比例没有差异，但美国学生开始定期饮酒的年龄明显更早，目前饮酒量更多，对情绪反应的酒精预期更高，并且比日本学生更认同饮酒的庆祝性原因。然而，美国学生对脸红的预期较低，对饮酒的感知规范也较低。对当前饮酒者的数据进行的分层多元回归表明，与日本学生相比，饮酒后去抑制尤其是攻击性的预期、饮酒规范、庆祝性（而非病理性）饮酒原因以及不饮酒原因，对美国学生报告的饮酒水平更具预测性。
