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氧化应激:与运动及训练的关系

Oxidative stress : relationship with exercise and training.

作者信息

Finaud Julien, Lac Gérard, Filaire Edith

机构信息

Laboratoire Biologie Interuniversitaire des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière, France.

出版信息

Sports Med. 2006;36(4):327-58. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636040-00004.

Abstract

Free radicals are reactive compounds that are naturally produced in the human body. They can exert positive effects (e.g. on the immune system) or negative effects (e.g. lipids, proteins or DNA oxidation). To limit these harmful effects, an organism requires complex protection - the antioxidant system. This system consists of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E [tocopherol], vitamin A [retinol], vitamin C [ascorbic acid], glutathione and uric acid). An imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defence leads to an oxidative stress state, which may be involved in aging processes and even in some pathology (e.g. cancer and Parkinson's disease). Physical exercise also increases oxidative stress and causes disruptions of the homeostasis. Training can have positive or negative effects on oxidative stress depending on training load, training specificity and the basal level of training. Moreover, oxidative stress seems to be involved in muscular fatigue and may lead to overtraining.

摘要

自由基是人体自然产生的活性化合物。它们可以产生积极作用(如对免疫系统)或消极作用(如脂质、蛋白质或DNA氧化)。为了限制这些有害影响,生物体需要复杂的保护机制——抗氧化系统。该系统由抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶)和非酶抗氧化剂(如维生素E[生育酚]、维生素A[视黄醇]、维生素C[抗坏血酸]、谷胱甘肽和尿酸)组成。自由基产生与抗氧化防御之间的失衡会导致氧化应激状态,这可能与衰老过程甚至某些病理学(如癌症和帕金森病)有关。体育锻炼也会增加氧化应激并导致体内平衡失调。根据训练负荷、训练特异性和训练基础水平,训练对氧化应激可能产生积极或消极影响。此外,氧化应激似乎与肌肉疲劳有关,并可能导致过度训练。

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