Avgil Meytal, Ornoy Asher
Laboratory of Teratology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Reprod Toxicol. 2006 May;21(4):436-45. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.11.014. Epub 2005 Jan 8.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1/2 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belong to the human herpes viruses and are among the most ubiquitous viruses in the adult population. In spite of the fact that a large proportion of women at childbearing age are seropositive to these viruses, especially to HSV, primary or secondary infections with these viruses may occur during pregnancy. Genital HSV, especially in primary infections, may be dangerous to the neonate if infected during delivery, as it can cause a severe neonatal disease. Intrauterine infection causing abortion or stillbirth as well as skin scars (cutaneous manifestations), ophthalmologic findings (chorioretinitis, microphtalmia), and neurological involvement (causing brain damage) is also possible, but relatively rare. Primary infection with EBV during pregnancy with apparent transplacental transmission is rare and only few cases were reported. They main damage was in the heart, eyes and liver. The actual damage to the developing embryo and fetus from maternal HSV and EBV seems to be very small. It should be mentioned that both HSV and EBV seem to be able to cross the placenta and cause, as described by several investigators, placental infection manifested by deciduitis and villitis. These placental pathological changes may increase fetal damage.
单纯疱疹病毒1/2型（HSV）和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）属于人类疱疹病毒，是成年人群中最普遍存在的病毒之一。尽管很大比例的育龄妇女对这些病毒呈血清阳性，尤其是对HSV，但孕期仍可能发生这些病毒的原发性或继发性感染。生殖器HSV，尤其是原发性感染，如果在分娩期间感染新生儿，可能会对其造成危险，因为它可导致严重的新生儿疾病。宫内感染导致流产或死产以及皮肤瘢痕（皮肤表现）、眼科检查结果（脉络膜视网膜炎、小眼症）和神经系统受累（导致脑损伤）也是可能的，但相对少见。孕期原发性EBV感染伴明显的经胎盘传播很少见，仅有少数病例报道。主要损害发生在心脏、眼睛和肝脏。母体HSV和EBV对发育中的胚胎和胎儿的实际损害似乎非常小。应该提到的是，HSV和EBV似乎都能够穿过胎盘，并如一些研究者所描述的那样，引起以蜕膜炎和绒毛炎为表现的胎盘感染。这些胎盘病理变化可能会增加胎儿损害。
