Borges Wellington G, Burns Dennis Alexander R, Felizola Maria Luísa B M, Oliveira Bruno A, Hamu Cejana S, Freitas Vanessa C
Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, DF, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006 Mar-Apr;82(2):137-43. doi: 10.2223/JPED.1461.
To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in a random group of schoolchildren aged 13 to 14 years in Brasilia, Brazil, to evaluate tendencies over 6 years and to compare prevalence rates among different socioeconomic groups.
Two cross-sectional studies were undertaken 6 years apart, using the ISAAC (phases I and III) written questionnaire. Thirty-nine schools were chosen at random from eight administrative regions in Brasilia, and were classified into three groups according to the socioeconomic conditions of the population.
A total of 3,009 questionnaires were collected. Of these 53.5% related to female children and 80% to students from public schools. Prevalence rates for diagnosed rhinitis, recent rhinitis and allergic rhinitis were 20, 29.3 and 12.2%, respectively. Rhinitis was more prevalent in private schools than in public ones (17.8 versus 14.1%) and sufferers were predominantly female. Prevalence rates were also higher among populations with higher socioeconomic status (23.5 versus 12.2%). Comparison with the 1996 data revealed significant increases in the prevalence of diagnosed rhinitis (12.7 versus 20%, p = 0.001). These increases were observed at all socioeconomic levels.
A large number of 13 and 14-year-old children resident in the Distrito Federal exhibit symptoms indicative of rhinitis and the majority of them have allergic rhinitis. Over a six-year period the prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased significantly, predominantly affecting females and with greater prevalence among students at private school and from families with higher socioeconomic status.
确定巴西巴西利亚13至14岁学龄儿童随机样本中变应性鼻炎的患病率，评估6年期间的变化趋势，并比较不同社会经济群体之间的患病率。
相隔6年进行两项横断面研究，采用国际儿童哮喘和变应性疾病研究（ISAAC，第一阶段和第三阶段）书面问卷。从巴西利亚八个行政区随机选择39所学校，并根据人群的社会经济状况分为三组。
共收集到3009份问卷。其中53.5%与女童相关，80%来自公立学校的学生。诊断性鼻炎、近期鼻炎和变应性鼻炎的患病率分别为20%、29.3%和12.2%。鼻炎在私立学校比公立学校更普遍（17.8%对14.1%），患者以女性为主。社会经济地位较高人群的患病率也更高（23.5%对12.2%）。与1996年数据比较显示，诊断性鼻炎的患病率显著增加（12.7%对20%，p = 0.001）。在所有社会经济水平均观察到这种增加。
大量居住在联邦区的13和14岁儿童表现出鼻炎症状，其中大多数患有变应性鼻炎。在六年期间，变应性鼻炎的患病率显著增加，主要影响女性，在私立学校学生和社会经济地位较高家庭的学生中患病率更高。
