Robbins Rachel, McKone Elinor
School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Cognition. 2007 Apr;103(1):34-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.02.008. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
In the debate between expertise and domain-specific explanations of "special" processing for faces, a common belief is that behavioural studies support the expertise hypothesis. The present article refutes this view, via a combination of new data and review. We tested dog experts with confirmed good individuation of exemplars of their breed-of-expertise. In all experiments, standard results were confirmed for faces. However, dog experts showed no face-like processing for dogs on three behavioural tasks (inversion; the composite paradigm; and sensitivity to contrast reversal). The lack of holistic/configural processing, indicated in the first two of these tests, is shown by review to be consistent rather than inconsistent with previous studies of objects-of-expertise.
在关于面部“特殊”加工的专业知识解释与特定领域解释的争论中，一种普遍观点认为行为研究支持专业知识假说。本文通过新数据与综述相结合的方式反驳了这一观点。我们测试了那些对其专业领域内犬种样本具有良好个体化识别能力的犬类专家。在所有实验中，面部的标准结果得到了证实。然而，在三项行为任务（倒置；合成范式；以及对对比度反转的敏感度）中，犬类专家对犬类并未表现出类似面部的加工。通过综述可知，前两项测试所显示的缺乏整体/构型加工，与先前关于专业知识对象的研究是一致而非不一致的。
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