Durvasula Ramani S, Myers Hector F, Mason Karen, Hinkin Charles
Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA 90032, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006 Apr;28(3):383-404. doi: 10.1080/13803390590935408.
This study examines the impact of alcohol use and HIV infection on neuropsychological performance in a sample of 497 community-resident African American men. HIV serostatus and alcohol use (during the past 12 months) exerted an interactive effect on psychomotor speed, reaction time, and motor speed, and in general, HIV infected heavy drinkers evidenced significantly poorer performance than other HIV positive subjects. Main effects for HIV serostatus were noted for reaction time, with seronegative men performing better than seropositives. This study examines a sample of men who continue to show increases in HIV infection, however, sample specific issues such as comorbid substance use, past histories of head injury, and lack of data on alcohol abuse and dependence require caution in definitively attributing the findings solely to alcohol and HIV. However, these findings suggest that relatively recent heavy alcohol use may represent a potential risk factor for more rapid or pronounced cognitive decline in HIV positive individuals, and that these patterns may be even more pronounced in persons with comorbid substance use.
本研究调查了497名居住在社区的非裔美国男性样本中，饮酒和感染艾滋病毒对神经心理表现的影响。艾滋病毒血清状态和饮酒情况（在过去12个月内）对心理运动速度、反应时间和运动速度产生了交互作用，总体而言，感染艾滋病毒的酗酒者表现明显比其他艾滋病毒阳性受试者差。在反应时间方面，观察到了艾滋病毒血清状态的主效应，血清阴性的男性表现优于血清阳性的男性。本研究调查的男性样本中艾滋病毒感染率持续上升，然而，诸如合并物质使用、既往头部受伤史以及缺乏酒精滥用和依赖数据等样本特定问题，使得在将研究结果完全归因于酒精和艾滋病毒时需谨慎。不过，这些研究结果表明，相对近期的大量饮酒可能是艾滋病毒阳性个体认知能力更快或更明显下降的潜在风险因素，而且这些模式在合并物质使用的人群中可能更为明显。
