Mason K I, Campbell A, Hawkins P, Madhere S, Johnson K, Takushi-Chinen R
Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1998 Nov;90(11):665-74.
This preliminary investigation examined neuropsychological performance in a sample of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative African-American women with a history of drug use. The study population was comprised of 10 HIV-negative, 9 asymptomatic HIV-positive, 13 symptomatic HIV-positive, and 10 acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) patients. A neuropsychological battery designed to assess attention, psychomotor processing, verbal memory, and visual memory was administered to participants. No evidence of HIV-related cognitive impairment was found in patients in the early stages of HIV infection. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant deficits in psychomotor processing and verbal recall in persons with AIDS. These individuals showed greater difficulty in tasks requiring maintained attention and performed poorly on measures of immediate and delayed verbal recall. In contrast, HIV status was not related to visual memory, verbal recognition, or the number of errors made during a verbal recall task. The pattern of cognitive deficits observed in persons with AIDS resembles that commonly associated with subcortical pathology. The cognitive deficits observed were not related to depression or recentness of drug use.
这项初步调查研究了有吸毒史的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）阳性和HIV阴性非裔美国女性样本的神经心理学表现。研究人群包括10名HIV阴性者、9名无症状HIV阳性者、13名有症状HIV阳性者和10名获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者。对参与者进行了一套旨在评估注意力、心理运动加工、言语记忆和视觉记忆的神经心理学测试。在HIV感染早期的患者中未发现与HIV相关的认知障碍证据。多变量方差分析显示，AIDS患者在心理运动加工和言语回忆方面存在显著缺陷。这些个体在需要持续注意力的任务中表现出更大困难，在即时和延迟言语回忆测试中表现不佳。相比之下，HIV状态与视觉记忆、言语识别或言语回忆任务中的错误数量无关。在AIDS患者中观察到的认知缺陷模式类似于通常与皮质下病变相关的模式。观察到的认知缺陷与抑郁或近期吸毒情况无关。
