Godek Sandra Fowkes, Bartolozzi Arthur R, Burkholder Richard, Sugarman Eric, Dorshimer Gary
The H.E.A.T. Institute of West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
J Athl Train. 2006 Jan-Mar;41(1):8-14; discussion 14-7.
Thermal responses of average-sized male subjects (mass of approximately 70 kg) may not accurately reflect the rate of heat storage in larger athletes with greater muscle mass.
To determine if core temperature (T(c)) is different in National Football League linemen and backs and if T(c) is related to percentage of dehydration or sweat rate.
We measured T(c) and sweat rate in professional football players during preseason twice-daily practices.
Preseason training camp.
Eight linemen (age = 26.6 +/- 2.1 years, height = 191.8 +/- 4.5 cm, mass = 134.8 +/- 10.7 kg, body surface area = 2.61 +/- 0.12 m2) and 6 backs (age = 27.0 +/- 4.2 years, height = 185.0 +/- 6.3 cm, mass = 95.6 +/- 11.1 kg, body surface area = 2.19 +/- 0.16 m2).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured T(c) using ingestible sensors. Resting T(c) was recorded in the mornings of data collection with players dressed in shorts and then every 15 minutes during 2-hour practices in full pads or shells. Mass was recorded before and after practices for determining the percentage of dehydration. In 8 of the 14 subjects (4 linemen, 4 backs), sweat rate was calculated using the change in mass adjusted for fluid intake and urine production.
Height, mass, and body surface area were greater in linemen than in backs. We noted a linear trend over time for T(c) in both groups. Maximal T(c) was higher in linemen (38.65 +/- 0.48 degrees C) than in backs (38.44 +/- 0.32 degrees C), but linemen were less dehydrated than backs (-0.94 +/- 0.6% versus -1.3 +/- 0.7%). Sweat rate was 2.11 +/- 0.77 L/h and correlated significantly with body surface area (r = 0.77, P < .05). Maximal T(c) was not correlated with either percentage of dehydration or sweat rate.
Maximal T(c) was not associated with percentage of dehydration or sweat rate. Linemen were less dehydrated but demonstrated higher T(c) than backs during practice. Maximal T(c) was generally achieved during live scrimmaging.
平均体型男性受试者（体重约70千克）的热反应可能无法准确反映肌肉量更大的大型运动员的热量储存速率。
确定美国国家橄榄球联盟的前锋和后卫的核心体温（T(c)）是否存在差异，以及T(c)是否与脱水百分比或出汗率相关。
我们在季前赛每日两次的训练期间测量了职业橄榄球运动员的T(c)和出汗率。
季前训练营。
8名前锋（年龄 = 26.6 ± 2.1岁，身高 = 191.8 ± 4.5厘米，体重 = 134.8 ± 10.7千克，体表面积 = 2.61 ± 0.12平方米）和6名后卫（年龄 = 27.0 ± 4.2岁，身高 = 185.0 ± 6.3厘米，体重 = 95.6 ± 11.1千克，体表面积 = 2.19 ± 0.16平方米）。
我们使用可摄入式传感器测量T(c)。在数据收集的早晨，让运动员穿着短裤记录静息T(c)，然后在穿着全套护具或外壳进行2小时训练期间每隔15分钟记录一次。在训练前后记录体重以确定脱水百分比。在14名受试者中的8名（4名前锋，4名后卫）中，通过根据液体摄入量和尿液生成量调整后的体重变化来计算出汗率。
前锋的身高、体重和体表面积均大于后卫。我们注意到两组的T(c)随时间均呈线性趋势。前锋的最高T(c)（38.65 ± 0.48℃）高于后卫（38.44 ± 0.32℃），但前锋的脱水程度低于后卫（-0.94 ± 0.6% 对 -1.3 ± 0.7%）。出汗率为2.11 ± 0.77升/小时，且与体表面积显著相关（r = 0.77，P < .05）。最高T(c)与脱水百分比或出汗率均无相关性。
最高T(c)与脱水百分比或出汗率无关。前锋的脱水程度较低，但在训练期间的T(c)高于后卫。最高T(c)通常在实战对抗期间达到。
