Hanoch Yaniv, Johnson Joseph G, Wilke Andreas
UCLA School of Public Health, CA 90095-1772, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2006 Apr;17(4):300-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01702.x.
We challenge the prevailing notion that risk taking is a stable trait, such that individuals show consistent risk-taking/aversive behavior across domains. We subscribe to an alternative approach that appreciates the domain-specific nature of risk taking. More important, we recognize heterogeneity of risk profiles among experimental samples and introduce a new methodology that takes this heterogeneity into account. Rather than using a convenient subject pool (i.e., university students), as is typically done, we specifically targeted relevant subsamples to provide further validation of the domain-specific nature of risk taking. Our research shows that individuals who exhibit high levels of risk-taking behavior in one content area (e.g., bungee jumpers taking recreational risks) can exhibit moderate levels in other risky domains (e.g., financial). Furthermore, our results indicate that risk taking among targeted subsamples can be explained within a cost-benefit framework and is largely mediated by the perceived benefit of the activity, and to a lesser extent by the perceived risk.
我们对流行观点提出质疑，即冒险是一种稳定的特质，个体在各个领域都表现出一致的冒险/厌恶风险行为。我们赞同另一种方法，该方法认识到冒险具有领域特定性。更重要的是，我们认识到实验样本中风险概况的异质性，并引入了一种新方法来考虑这种异质性。我们并非像通常那样使用便利的样本池（即大学生），而是专门针对相关子样本，以进一步验证冒险的领域特定性。我们的研究表明，在一个内容领域表现出高风险行为的个体（例如，蹦极者承担娱乐风险）在其他风险领域（例如，金融领域）可能表现为中等水平。此外，我们的结果表明，目标子样本中的冒险行为可以在成本效益框架内得到解释，并且在很大程度上由活动的感知收益介导，在较小程度上由感知风险介导。
