Javaheri Michael, Hahn David S, Lakhanpal Rohit R, Weiland James D, Humayun Mark S
Doheny Retina Institute, Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo Street (Room 3600), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Ann Acad Med Singap. 2006 Mar;35(3):137-44.
Using artificial means to treat extreme vision impairment has come closer to reality during the past few decades. The goal of this research has been to create an implantable medical device that provides useful vision for those patients who are left with no alternatives. Analogous to the cochlear implants for some forms of hearing loss, these devices could restore useful vision by converting visual information into patterns of electrical stimulation that excite the remaining viable inner retinal neurons in patients with retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration.
Data for this review were selected through a comprehensive literature search.
Advances in microtechnology have facilitated the development of a variety of prostheses that can be implanted in the visual cortex, around the optic nerve, or in the eye. Some of these approaches have shown the promise of providing useful visual input to patients with visual impairments.
While the development of various retinal prostheses have shown promise in limited clinical trials, there are distinct advantages and disadvantages for each type of prosthesis. This review will focus primarily on the Epiretinal Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis, studied by our group, but will also briefly review other modalities: the subretinal prosthesis, cortical prosthesis, and optic nerve prosthesis.
在过去几十年里，利用人工手段治疗严重视力障碍已日益接近现实。本研究的目标是制造一种可植入式医疗设备，为那些别无选择的患者提供有用的视力。类似于用于某些形式听力损失的人工耳蜗，这些设备可以通过将视觉信息转化为电刺激模式来恢复有用的视力，从而刺激患有色素性视网膜炎或年龄相关性黄斑变性的患者中剩余的存活视网膜内层神经元。
通过全面的文献检索选择本综述的数据。
微技术的进步推动了多种可植入视觉皮层、视神经周围或眼睛中的假体的开发。其中一些方法已显示出为视力受损患者提供有用视觉输入的前景。
虽然各种视网膜假体的开发在有限的临床试验中已显示出前景，但每种类型的假体都有明显的优缺点。本综述将主要关注我们团队研究的视网膜内视网膜假体，但也将简要回顾其他方式：视网膜下假体、皮层假体和视神经假体。
