Özmert Emin, Arslan Umut
Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Divisions of Medical and Surgical-Retina-Bionic Eye and Artificial Vision, Ankara, Turkey
Bio-Retina Eye Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
Turk J Ophthalmol. 2019 Sep 3;49(4):213-219. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2019.44270.
In outer retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, and geographic atrophy, 30% of the ganglion cell layer in the macula remains intact. With subretinal and epiretinal prostheses, these inner retinal cells are stimulated with controlled electrical current by either a microphotodiode placed in the subretinal area or a microelectrode array tacked to the epiretinal region. As the patient learns to interpret the resulting phosphene patterns created in the brain through special rehabilitation exercises, their orientation, mobility, and quality of life increase. Implants that stimulate the lateral geniculate nucleus or visual cortex are currently being studied for diseases in which the ganglion cells and optic nerve are completely destroyed.
在视网膜色素变性、脉络膜缺损和地图样萎缩等外层视网膜退行性疾病中，黄斑区30%的神经节细胞层保持完整。通过视网膜下和视网膜上假体，放置在视网膜下区域的微型光电二极管或固定在视网膜上区域的微电极阵列以受控电流刺激这些内层视网膜细胞。随着患者通过特殊康复训练学会解读大脑中产生的光幻视模式，他们的定向能力、行动能力和生活质量都会提高。目前正在研究刺激外侧膝状体或视觉皮层的植入物，用于治疗神经节细胞和视神经完全受损的疾病。
