Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ophthalmology. 2011 Nov;118(11):2227-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.08.042.
Degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) primarily affect the photoreceptors, ultimately resulting in significant loss of vision. Retinal prostheses aim to elicit neural activity in the remaining retinal cells by detecting and converting light into electrical stimuli that can then be delivered to the retina. The concept of visual prostheses has existed for more than 50 years and recent progress shows promise, yet much remains to be understood about how the visual system will respond to artificial input after years of blindness that necessitate this type of prosthesis. This review focuses on 3 major areas: the histopathologic features of human retina affected by AMD and RP, current results from clinical trials, and challenges to overcome for continued improvement of retinal prostheses.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosures may be found after the references.
退行性疾病，如年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）和色素性视网膜炎（RP），主要影响光感受器，最终导致视力显著丧失。视网膜假体旨在通过检测和将光转换为电刺激来激发剩余视网膜细胞的神经活动，然后可以将这些电刺激传递到视网膜。视觉假体的概念已经存在了 50 多年，最近的进展显示出了希望，但对于视觉系统在失明多年后对人工输入的反应，还有很多需要了解，而这正是这种假体所必需的。这篇综述主要集中在三个主要领域：受 AMD 和 RP 影响的人视网膜的组织病理学特征、临床试验的当前结果，以及克服视网膜假体持续改进的挑战。
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