Chapman Mark A, Burke John M
Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B 351634, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
New Phytol. 2006;170(3):429-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01710.x.
Genetically modified (GM) plants are rapidly becoming a common feature of modern agriculture. This transition to engineered crops has been driven by a variety of potential benefits, both economic and ecological. The increase in the use of GM crops has, however, been accompanied by growing concerns regarding their potential impact on the environment. Here, we focus on the escape of transgenes from cultivation via crop x wild hybridization. We begin by reviewing the literature on natural hybridization, with particular reference to gene flow between crop plants and their wild relatives. We further show that natural selection, and not the overall rate of gene flow, is the most important factor governing the spread of favorable alleles. Hence, much of this review focuses on the likely effects of transgenes once they escape. Finally, we consider strategies for transgene containment.
转基因植物正迅速成为现代农业的一个常见特征。向转基因作物的这种转变是由多种潜在的经济和生态效益推动的。然而，转基因作物使用的增加伴随着对其对环境潜在影响的日益担忧。在这里，我们关注转基因通过作物与野生植物杂交从种植中逃逸的问题。我们首先回顾关于自然杂交的文献，特别提及作物植物与其野生近缘种之间的基因流动。我们进一步表明，自然选择而非基因流动的总体速率是控制有利等位基因传播的最重要因素。因此，本综述的大部分内容聚焦于转基因一旦逃逸可能产生的影响。最后，我们考虑转基因遏制策略。
