Das Samarjit, Der Peter, Raychaudhuri Utpal, Maulik Nilanjana, Das Dipak K
Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Sep;289(1-2):55-63. doi: 10.1007/s11010-006-9147-1. Epub 2006 Apr 21.
Fox nut or gorgon nut (Euryale ferox--Family Nymphaeaceae), popularly known as Makhana, has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine to cure a variety of diseases including kidney problems, chronic diarrhea, excessive leucorrhea and hypofunction of the spleen. Based on the recent studies revealing antioxidant activities of Euryale ferox and its glucosides composition, we sought to determine if Euryale ferox seeds (Makhana) could reduce myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury. Two different models were used: acute model, where isolated rat hearts were preperfused for 15 min with Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer containing three different doses of makhana (25, 125 or 250 microg/ml) followed by 30 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion; and chronic model, where rats were given two different doses of makhana (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, after which isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In both cases, the hearts of the Makhana treated rats were resistant to ischemic reperfusion injury as evidenced by their improved post-ischemic ventricular function and reduced myocardial infarct size. Antibody array technique was used to identify the cardioprotective proteins. The Makhana-treated hearts had increased amounts of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin-related protein-32 (TRP32) compared to the control hearts. Western blot analysis confirmed increased expression of TRP32 and thioredoxin proteins. In vitro studies revealed that Makhana extracts had potent reactive oxygen species scavenging activities. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate cardioprotective properties of Makhana and suggest that such cardioprotective properties may be linked with the ability of makhana to induce TRP32 and Trx-1 proteins and to scavenge ROS.
芡实属睡莲科，俗称“玛卡纳”，在传统东方医学中被广泛用于治疗多种疾病，包括肾脏问题、慢性腹泻、白带过多和脾虚。基于最近揭示芡实及其糖苷成分抗氧化活性的研究，我们试图确定芡实种子（玛卡纳）是否能减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤。我们使用了两种不同的模型：急性模型，将离体大鼠心脏用含有三种不同剂量玛卡纳（25、125或250微克/毫升）的Krebs Henseleit碳酸氢盐（KHB）缓冲液预灌注15分钟，然后进行30分钟缺血和2小时再灌注；慢性模型，给大鼠连续21天给予两种不同剂量的玛卡纳（250和500毫克/千克/天），之后将离体心脏进行30分钟缺血，随后2小时再灌注。在这两种情况下，玛卡纳处理的大鼠心脏对缺血再灌注损伤具有抗性，这表现为缺血后心室功能改善和心肌梗死面积减小。采用抗体芯片技术鉴定心脏保护蛋白。与对照心脏相比，玛卡纳处理的心脏中硫氧还蛋白-1（Trx-1）和硫氧还蛋白相关蛋白-32（TRP32）的含量增加。蛋白质印迹分析证实TRP32和硫氧还蛋白的表达增加。体外研究表明，玛卡纳提取物具有强大的活性氧清除活性。综上所述，本研究结果证明了玛卡纳的心脏保护特性，并表明这种心脏保护特性可能与玛卡纳诱导TRP32和Trx-1蛋白以及清除活性氧的能力有关。
