Kruk Joanna, Aboul-Enein Hassan Y
Institute of Physical Education, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 40 b/6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006 Jan-Mar;7(1):11-21.
The purpose of this paper is to update epidemiological research on relations between physical activity and cancer risk, including physical activity measurement and potential mechanisms of prevention of cancer.
Review of recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses and studies on the topic that have been published in the recent literature.
Convincing epidemiological evidence exists that physical activity reduces colon and breast cancers. The evidence is weaker for prostate (classified as probable), lung and endometrial cancers (classified as possible), and insufficient for cancers at all other sites. Hypothesized biological mechanisms for the physical activity--cancer association include changes in hormone level, reduced percentage of body fat, enhancement of the immune system, and alteration in free radical damage by scavenger systems. The available data indicate that 30-60 minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is needed to be protective against breast and colon cancers.
A greater understanding of the biological mechanisms operating in the physical activity--cancer relation, complete measurements of physical activity through a subject's life, assessment of all potential confounders and association modifiers are needed to confirm a protective role of physical activity in cancer development and allow specific exercise prescriptions for prevention in particular cancer sites.
本文旨在更新关于身体活动与癌症风险关系的流行病学研究，包括身体活动的测量以及预防癌症的潜在机制。
对近期文献中发表的关于该主题的系统评价、荟萃分析及研究进行综述。
有令人信服的流行病学证据表明，身体活动可降低结肠癌和乳腺癌的发病风险。对于前列腺癌（归类为可能）、肺癌和子宫内膜癌（归类为可能），证据较弱，而对于所有其他部位的癌症，证据不足。身体活动与癌症关联的假设生物学机制包括激素水平变化、体脂百分比降低、免疫系统增强以及清除系统对自由基损伤的改变。现有数据表明，每天进行30至60分钟的中等强度至剧烈身体活动对预防乳腺癌和结肠癌具有保护作用。
需要更深入了解身体活动与癌症关系中的生物学机制，全面测量个体一生中的身体活动情况，评估所有潜在的混杂因素和关联修饰因素，以确认身体活动在癌症发生发展中的保护作用，并制定针对特定癌症部位预防的具体运动处方。
