Reval Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
Sports Med. 2019 Jul;49(7):1095-1115. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01110-z.
Running is a popular form of physical activity with many health benefits. However, the incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries (RRIs) is high. Biomechanical factors may be related to the development of RRIs.
This systematic review synthesizes biomechanical risk factors related to the development of RRIs in non-injured runners.
PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus were searched in July 2018 for original peer-reviewed prospective studies evaluating potential biomechanical factors associated with the development of RRIs. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. Due to methodological heterogeneity across studies, a narrative synthesis of findings was conducted, rather than a meta-analysis.
Sixteen studies, including 13 of high quality and three of moderate quality, were included. A large number of biomechanical variables were evaluated, producing inconsistent evidence overall. Limited evidence indicated greater peak hip adduction in female runners developing patellofemoral pain and iliotibial band syndrome, but not for a mixed-sex population of cross-country runners sustaining an RRI. The relationship between vertical loading rate and RRIs was inconsistent. Other kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal factors were only studied to a limited extent.
Current prospective evidence relating biomechanical variables to RRI risk is sparse and inconsistent, with findings largely dependent on the population and injuries being studied. Future research is needed to confirm these biomechanical risk factors and determine whether modification of these variables may assist in running injury prevention and management.
跑步是一种流行的体育锻炼方式，对健康有诸多益处。然而，与跑步相关的损伤（RRIs）发生率和流行率很高。生物力学因素可能与 RRIs 的发展有关。
本系统综述综合了与非受伤跑者 RRIs 发展相关的生物力学危险因素。
2018 年 7 月，我们在 PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase 和 SPORTDiscus 上搜索了评估与 RRIs 发展相关的潜在生物力学因素的原始同行评审前瞻性研究。我们遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的 Preferred Reporting Items 指南。两名评审员独立评估文章的纳入和方法学质量。由于研究之间存在方法学异质性，因此进行了发现的叙述性综合，而不是荟萃分析。
纳入了 16 项研究，其中 13 项研究质量较高，3 项研究质量中等。评估了大量的生物力学变量，但总体上证据不一致。有限的证据表明，在发展髌股关节疼痛和髂胫束综合征的女性跑步者中，髋关节内收峰值较大，但对于发生 RRIs 的混合性别越野跑者则不然。垂直加载率与 RRIs 之间的关系不一致。其他运动学、动力学和时空因素仅在有限的程度上进行了研究。
目前将生物力学变量与 RRIs 风险联系起来的前瞻性证据很少且不一致，研究结果在很大程度上取决于研究的人群和损伤类型。需要进一步的研究来证实这些生物力学危险因素，并确定这些变量的改变是否可能有助于预防和管理跑步损伤。
