Mdegela R H, Nonga H E, Ngowi H A, Kazwala R R
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2006 Apr;53(3):116-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00926.x.
Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter infections in humans, chickens and crows was determined in a cross-sectional study that was carried out in urban and rural areas of Morogoro region, Tanzania during the period of January 2003 to December 2004. A total of 632 human stool samples, 536 cloacal swabs from local and broiler chickens and 22 intestinal contents from crows were screened for presence of thermophilic campylobacters using Skirrow's protocol. Representative Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human and chicken samples were also analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a definitive identification method. The overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 9.3% (95% CI: 7.2-11.9), 69.8% (95% CI: 65.7-73.6) and 72.7% (95% CI: 49.8-89.3) in humans, chickens and crows respectively. In humans, 59 thermophilic campylobacters were isolated of which 96.6% were C. jejuni and 3.4%Campylobacter coli. There was a significantly (P<0.001) higher prevalence in young individuals (16%) than in adults (7%). Of 341 isolates from chickens, 91.2% were C. jejuni and 8.8% were C. coli. A significantly (P<0.05) higher infection rate was observed in rural local chicken (76%) than in broilers (60%). In crows, of 16 isolates, 93.8% were C. jejuni and 6.2% were C. coli. Definitive identification of C. jejuni by PCR revealed positive results in 74.1% of 243 analysed isolates. Findings in this study indicate high prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in humans, chickens and crows in Morogoro, and a higher infection rate of C. jejuni than that of C. coli in different animal species. Age of humans and location of chickens were identified as risk factors for thermophilic Campylobacter infections. Positive isolates to biochemical tests that indicated negative results on PCR indicates the additional value of PCR for definitive diagnosis of C. jejuni.
2003年1月至2004年12月期间，在坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗地区的城乡开展了一项横断面研究，以确定人类、鸡和乌鸦中嗜热弯曲菌感染的流行情况。使用斯基罗氏方法对总共632份人类粪便样本、536份来自本地鸡和肉鸡的泄殖腔拭子以及22份来自乌鸦的肠道内容物进行筛查，以检测嗜热弯曲菌的存在。还通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）对从人类和鸡样本中分离出的空肠弯曲菌代表性菌株进行分析，作为一种确定性鉴定方法。嗜热弯曲菌在人类、鸡和乌鸦中的总体流行率分别为9.3%（95%置信区间：7.2 - 11.9）、69.8%（95%置信区间：65.7 - 73.6）和72.7%（95%置信区间：49.8 - 89.3）。在人类中，分离出59株嗜热弯曲菌，其中96.6%为空肠弯曲菌，3.4%为大肠弯曲菌。年轻人中的流行率（16%）显著高于成年人（7%）（P<0.001）。在从鸡中分离出的341株菌株中，91.2%为空肠弯曲菌，8.8%为大肠弯曲菌。农村本地鸡的感染率（76%）显著高于肉鸡（60%）（P<0.05）。在乌鸦中，16株分离菌株中，93.8%为空肠弯曲菌，6.2%为大肠弯曲菌。通过PCR对空肠弯曲菌进行确定性鉴定，在243份分析菌株中有74.1%呈阳性结果。本研究结果表明，莫罗戈罗地区人类、鸡和乌鸦中嗜热弯曲菌的流行率较高，并且在不同动物物种中空肠弯曲菌的感染率高于大肠弯曲菌。人类年龄和鸡的饲养地点被确定为嗜热弯曲菌感染的风险因素。生化试验呈阳性但PCR结果为阴性的分离菌株表明，PCR对空肠弯曲菌的确定性诊断具有额外价值。
