Michaels Claire F, Jacobs David M, Bongers Raoul M
Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2006 Apr;32(2):459-72. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.459.
D. M. Jacobs and C. F. Michaels (2006) concluded that aspects of hand movements in lateral catching were predicted by the ratio of lateral optical velocity to expansion velocity. Their conclusions were based partly on a modified version of the required velocity model of catching (C. E. Peper, R. J. Bootsma, D. R. Mestre, & F. C. Bakker, 1994). The present article considers this optical ratio in detail and asks whether it, together with a control law, predicts the (often curious) hand trajectories observed in lateral interception. The optical ratio was used to create a succession of target-position inputs for the vector integration to endpoint model of hand movements (D. Bullock & S. Grossberg, 1988). The model used this succession, initial hand position, and model parameters (fit to 60 trials) to predict hand trajectories on each trial. Predicted trajectories were then compared with observed hand trajectories. Hand movements were predicted accurately, especially in the binocular condition, and were superior to predictions based on lateral ball position, the input variable of the required velocity model. The authors concluded, as did C. E. Peper et al. (1994), that perceivers continuously couple movements to optics.
D. M. 雅各布斯和C. F. 迈克尔斯（2006年）得出结论，侧向接球时手部动作的某些方面可由侧向视觉速度与扩展速度的比率预测。他们的结论部分基于接球所需速度模型的一个修改版本（C. E. 佩珀、R. J. 博茨马、D. R. 梅斯特雷和F. C. 巴克尔，1994年）。本文详细探讨了这个视觉比率，并探讨它与一种控制法则是否能预测在侧向拦截中观察到的（通常很奇特的）手部轨迹。该视觉比率被用于为手部动作的向量积分到终点模型（D. 布洛克和S. 格罗斯伯格，1988年）创建一系列目标位置输入。该模型利用这一系列输入、初始手部位置和模型参数（拟合60次试验）来预测每次试验中的手部轨迹。然后将预测轨迹与观察到的手部轨迹进行比较。手部动作被准确预测，尤其是在双眼视觉条件下，并且优于基于侧向球位置（所需速度模型的输入变量）的预测。作者得出结论，正如C. E. 佩珀等人（1994年）所做的那样，感知者会持续地将动作与视觉信息相匹配。
