Kutta H, May J, Jaehne M, Münscher A, Paulsen F P
Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Germany.
J Anat. 2006 May;208(5):609-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00567.x.
The parotid duct transports saliva from the gland into the oral cavity. However, its immune response properties, along with the secretion and moistening principles of the duct, have not yet been fully investigated. These properties may play an important role in protecting the parotid gland from infection and also prevent development of sialodocholithiasis, as the parotid duct -- in contrast to the submandibular salivary duct -- is often free of duct concrements. Up to now, only the parotid gland has been investigated, without regard to its duct. The present study analyses the structures of the parotid duct in their relations to antimicrobial defence mechanisms and rheological properties. Investigations were performed on 23 parotid ducts using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Epithelial and goblet cells of the parotid duct synthesize a complex mucous layer that covers the epithelium. The viscosity is influenced by secreted mucins and TFF peptides. This layer contains carbohydrates including N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialic acids. The lamina propria contains granulocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages. IgA, produced by plasma cells in the subepithelial layer, is frequently integrated in the secretory product. Synthesized mucins, TFF peptides, carbohydrates and immunoglobulins form a complex layer that can be expected to prohibit infection and enables salivary flow. Our study demonstrates that the steady secretion of the parotid gland, together with the ductal cellular and biochemical immune protection system, is likely to thwart ascending infections in the parotid duct and gland.
腮腺导管将唾液从腺体输送至口腔。然而，其免疫反应特性以及导管的分泌和湿润原理尚未得到充分研究。这些特性可能在保护腮腺免受感染以及预防涎石病的发生方面发挥重要作用，因为与下颌下腺导管不同，腮腺导管通常没有导管结石。到目前为止，仅对腮腺进行了研究，而未涉及其导管。本研究分析了腮腺导管的结构与抗菌防御机制及流变学特性的关系。使用组织学、组织化学和免疫组织化学方法对23条腮腺导管进行了研究。腮腺导管的上皮细胞和杯状细胞合成覆盖上皮的复杂黏液层。其黏度受分泌的黏蛋白和三叶因子肽影响。该层含有包括N - 乙酰葡糖胺、N - 乙酰半乳糖胺、半乳糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖和唾液酸在内的碳水化合物。固有层含有粒细胞、T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞。上皮下层浆细胞产生的IgA常整合于分泌产物中。合成的黏蛋白、三叶因子肽、碳水化合物和免疫球蛋白形成一个复杂层，有望阻止感染并使唾液流动。我们的研究表明，腮腺的持续分泌，连同导管的细胞和生化免疫保护系统，可能会阻止腮腺导管和腺体中的上行感染。
