McDonald Thomas A
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2005 Nov;1(4):343-54.
Data on Polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) concentrations in individual U.S. women were compiled. PBDE levels in adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk from individual U.S. women were found to follow similar lognormal distributions, which exhibited a high degree of variability. The distribution of lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations for all media combined had a median of 47.9 ng/g and a 95th percentile estimate of 302 ng/g. Estimates of congener-specific kinetic parameters were used to calculate the total daily intake of the PBDEs (sum of 5 PBDE prominent congeners, PBDE-47, -99, -100, -153, and -154) that would be required to achieve the measured body burdens. PBDE intake estimates from all routes of exposure were 8.5 ng/kg/d (median) and 54 ng/kg/d (95th percentile). The potential health risks posed by the PBDEs were examined by comparing 95th percentile tissue concentrations in humans (C(human)) to modeled and measured tissue concentrations in rodents that caused no developmental neurotoxicity and reproductive effects (C(rodent)). The ratio of rodent-to-human PBDE concentrations (C(rodent):C(human)) was <1 for alterations of male and female reproductive organs in rats, <10 for neurodevelopmental effects in mice, and <100 for neurodevelopmental effects in rats. If humans are as sensitive as animals to PBDE-induced developmental toxicity, the current margin of safety appears low for a fraction of the population.
汇编了美国女性个体中多溴二苯醚（PBDE）浓度的数据。发现美国女性个体脂肪组织、血清和母乳中的PBDE水平遵循相似的对数正态分布，且具有高度变异性。所有介质合并后的脂质标准化PBDE浓度分布中位数为47.9 ng/g，第95百分位数估计值为302 ng/g。使用同系物特异性动力学参数估计值来计算达到所测体内负荷所需的PBDEs（5种主要PBDE同系物PBDE-47、-99、-100、-153和-154的总和）每日总摄入量。所有暴露途径的PBDE摄入量估计值为8.5 ng/kg/d（中位数）和54 ng/kg/d（第95百分位数）。通过将人类第95百分位数组织浓度（C(人类)）与未引起发育神经毒性和生殖效应的啮齿动物模型和测量组织浓度（C(啮齿动物)）进行比较，研究了PBDEs带来的潜在健康风险。对于大鼠雄性和雌性生殖器官的改变，啮齿动物与人类PBDE浓度之比（C(啮齿动物):C(人类)）<1；对于小鼠的神经发育效应，该比值<10；对于大鼠的神经发育效应，该比值<100。如果人类对PBDE诱导的发育毒性与动物一样敏感，那么目前对于一部分人群来说安全边际似乎较低。
