Viskari Pertti J, Landers James P
Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Electrophoresis. 2006 May;27(9):1797-810. doi: 10.1002/elps.200500565.
The direction of modern analytical techniques is to push for lower detection limits, improved selectivity and sensitivity, faster analysis time, higher throughput, and more inexpensive analysis systems with ever-decreasing sample volumes. These very ambitious goals are exacerbated by the need to reduce the overall size of the device and the instrumentation - the quest for functional micrototal analysis systems epitomizes this. Microfluidic devices fabricated in glass, and more recently, in a variety of polymers, brings us a step closer to being able to achieve these stringent goals and to realize the economical fabrication of sophisticated instrumentation. However, this places a significant burden on the detection systems associated with microchip-based analysis systems. There is a need for a universal detector that can efficiently detect sample analytes in real time and with minimal sample manipulation steps, such as lengthy labeling protocols. This review highlights the advances in uncommon or less frequently used detection methods associated with microfluidic devices. As a result, the three most common methods - LIF, electrochemical, and mass spectrometric techniques - are omitted in order to focus on the more esoteric detection methods reported in the literature over the last 2 years.
现代分析技术的发展方向是追求更低的检测限、更高的选择性和灵敏度、更快的分析时间、更高的通量，以及采用不断减少的样品体积实现更廉价的分析系统。由于需要减小设备和仪器的整体尺寸，这些极具挑战性的目标变得更加艰巨——对功能性微全分析系统的追求就是这一点的体现。用玻璃制造的微流控设备，以及最近用各种聚合物制造的微流控设备，使我们离能够实现这些严格目标并实现复杂仪器的经济制造又近了一步。然而，这给与基于微芯片的分析系统相关的检测系统带来了巨大负担。需要一种通用检测器，它能够实时高效地检测样品分析物，并且样品处理步骤最少，比如冗长的标记方案。本综述重点介绍了与微流控设备相关的不常见或较少使用的检测方法的进展。因此，为了专注于过去两年文献中报道的更晦涩的检测方法，省略了三种最常见的方法——激光诱导荧光（LIF）、电化学和质谱技术。
