The Release of Potassium and Sodium from Young Excised Roots of Zea mays under Various Efflux Conditions.

The release of potassium and sodium from excised roots of Zea mays having similar contents of potassium and sodium was studied. At low temperature (2 C) the efflux rates of both cations were very similar, but at higher temperature (20 C) the potassium release was reduced considerably, whereas the sodium release was hardly affected. Also, under anaerobic conditions the potassium efflux rate was nearly as high as the sodium efflux rate, but with normal O(2) supply the potassium release was reduced to about one-fifth. Since a changing efflux medium compared with a constant efflux medium had no great influence upon the sodium release but influenced the potassium release very much, it is assumed that the low potassium release under normal metabolic conditions is due to a reabsorption of effluxed potassium from free space. For sodium this reabsorption is of minor significance, as the uptake potential of maize roots for sodium is very poor. It is concluded that the release of potassium and sodium is a diffusion process and that the cell membranes have rather similar diffusivities for these two cations.