Adaptation of Tobacco Cells to NaCl.

Cell lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var Wisconsin 38) were obtained which are adapted to grow in media with varying concentrations of NaCl, up to 35 grams per liter (599 millimolar). Salt-adapted cells exhibited enhanced abilities to gain both fresh and dry weight in the presence of NaCl compared to cells which were growing in medium without NaCl (unadapted cells). Tolerance of unadapted cells and cells adapted to 10 grams per liter NaCl was influenced by the stage of growth, with the highest degree of tolerance exhibited by cells in the exponential phase. Cell osmotic potential and turgor varied through the growth cycle of unadapted cells and cells at all levels of adaptation, with maximum turgor occurring at approximately the onset of exponential fresh weight accumulation.Adaptation to NaCl led to reduced cell expansion and fresh weight gain, while dry weight gain remained unaffected. This reduction in cell expansion was not due to failure of the cells to maintain turgor since cells adapted to NaCl underwent osmotic adjustment in excess of the change in water potential caused by the addition of NaCl to the medium. Tolerance of the adapted cells, as indicated by fresh or dry weight gain, did not increase proportionately with the increase in turgor. Adaptation of these glycophytic cells to NaCl appears to involve mechanisms which result in an altered relationship between turgor and cell expansion.