Koenig Linda J, Whitaker Daniel J, Royce Rachel A, Wilson Tracey E, Ethier Kathleen, Fernandez M Isabel
National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2006 Jun;96(6):1052-9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.067744. Epub 2006 May 2.
We sought to describe and compare prevalence rates of and risk factors for violence against women during pregnancy and postpartum.
Physical and sexual violence and violence risk factors were assessed during late pregnancy and 6 months postpartum in a prospective study of pregnant women with (n=336) and without (n=298) HIV in 4 US states.
Overall, 10.6% of women reported having experienced violence, 8.9% during pregnancy and 4.9% after delivery. Of these women, 61.7% were abused only during their pregnancy, 21.7% were repeatedly abused, and 16.7% were abused only after their delivery. Sexual violence rarely occurred in the absence of physical violence. The strongest predictor of violence was engaging in bartered sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=5.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.0, 15.4). Other predictors included frequent changes in residence (adjusted OR=1.57; 95% CI=1.1, 2.2), financial support from family or partners (adjusted OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.2, 0.8), and HIV diagnosis during current pregnancy (adjusted OR=0.30; 95% CI=0.1, 0.7).
Women more commonly experienced violence during than after their pregnancy, but violence was best predicted by socioeconomic and behavioral indicators whose influence did not vary over time.
我们试图描述并比较孕期及产后针对女性暴力行为的发生率及危险因素。
在一项前瞻性研究中，对美国4个州感染HIV（n = 336）和未感染HIV（n = 298）的孕妇在孕晚期及产后6个月评估身体暴力、性暴力及暴力危险因素。
总体而言，10.6%的女性报告曾遭受暴力，孕期为8.9%，产后为4.9%。在这些女性中，61.7%仅在孕期遭受虐待，21.7%多次遭受虐待，16.7%仅在产后遭受虐待。性暴力很少在没有身体暴力的情况下发生。暴力行为最强的预测因素是参与性交易（调整后的优势比[OR]=5.54；95%置信区间[CI]=2.0, 至15.4）。其他预测因素包括频繁更换住所（调整后的OR=1.57；95% CI=1.1, 至2.2）、来自家人或伴侣的经济支持（调整后的OR=0.42；95% CI=0.2, 至0.8）以及本次孕期被诊断为HIV（调整后的OR=0.30；95% CI=0.1, 至0.7）。
女性在孕期比产后更常遭受暴力，但暴力行为的最佳预测因素是社会经济和行为指标，其影响不会随时间变化。
