McCrea B A, Macklin K S
Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis 95616-8521, USA.
Poult Sci. 2006 May;85(5):909-13. doi: 10.1093/ps/85.5.909.
Clostridium perfringens is important to both poultry producers and humans. The excretion rate of pathogenic foodborne bacteria increases after live haul; however, the majority of research into flock cross-contamination has been performed on Salmonella and Campylobacter. Research into the sources of C. perfringens in poultry operations have implied that dirty transport containers do harbor this organism and, therefore, can potentially contaminate subsequent flocks. The objectives of this study were to examine both small plastic crates and large dump coops to determine which cleaning regimens were most effective in reducing C. perfringens contamination. Additionally, 2 different holding periods for small crates were compared to determine whether holding time influences C. perfringens recovery before and after cleaning. Two experiments were performed. One involved small plastic crates; the other involved large dump coops. Four small crate cleaning and disinfection treatments consisted of pressure washing, pressure washing and sun-drying, pressure washing with a (5%, vol/vol) sodium hypochlorite dip, and pressure washing with a quaternary ammonium dip. The second experiment involved dump coops. The 5 dump coop cleaning and disinfection treatments consisted of pressure washing, pressure washing with a (5%, vol/vol) sodium hypochlorite spray, pressure washing with a quaternary ammonium spray, 48-h drying after the sodium hypochlorite spray, and 48-h drying after the quaternary ammonium spray. The recovery of C. perfringens from small and large dirty transport containers averaged 1.94 and 4.43 log10 cfu/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in C. perfringens recovery based on holding time for small crates. With small crates, pressure washing provided a significant decrease in the amount of C. perfringens recovered. The greatest bacterial reduction in dump coops, 2 to 3 log10 cfu/mL, was observed after 48 h of drying. This information provides solutions to poultry operations to reduce the cross-contamination of this food safety pathogen via transport containers.
产气荚膜梭菌对家禽养殖户和人类都很重要。活禽运输后，致病性食源细菌的排泄率会增加；然而，大多数关于鸡群交叉污染的研究都是针对沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌进行的。对家禽养殖场中产气荚膜梭菌来源的研究表明，肮脏的运输容器确实藏有这种细菌，因此有可能污染后续鸡群。本研究的目的是检查小型塑料板条箱和大型倾卸鸡笼，以确定哪种清洁方案在减少产气荚膜梭菌污染方面最有效。此外，还比较了小型板条箱的两种不同存放时间，以确定存放时间是否会影响清洁前后产气荚膜梭菌的回收率。进行了两项实验。一项涉及小型塑料板条箱；另一项涉及大型倾卸鸡笼。小型板条箱的四种清洁和消毒处理包括高压冲洗、高压冲洗并晒干、用（5%，体积/体积）次氯酸钠浸泡后高压冲洗以及用季铵盐浸泡后高压冲洗。第二项实验涉及倾卸鸡笼。倾卸鸡笼的五种清洁和消毒处理包括高压冲洗、用（5%，体积/体积）次氯酸钠喷雾后高压冲洗、用季铵盐喷雾后高压冲洗、次氯酸钠喷雾后48小时干燥以及季铵盐喷雾后48小时干燥。从小型和大型肮脏运输容器中回收的产气荚膜梭菌平均分别为1.94和4.43 log10 cfu/mL。基于小型板条箱的存放时间，产气荚膜梭菌的回收率没有显著差异。对于小型板条箱，高压冲洗显著减少了回收的产气荚膜梭菌数量。倾卸鸡笼在干燥48小时后观察到最大的细菌减少量，为2至3 log10 cfu/mL。这些信息为家禽养殖场提供了减少这种食品安全病原体通过运输容器交叉污染的解决方案。
