Hao Jie-Jie, Tian Xing-Jun, Song Fu-Qiang, He Xing-Bing, Zhang Zhi-Jun, Zhang Peng
School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2006 May-Jun;53(3):193-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00093.x.
The involvement of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, such as laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and filter paper activity (FPA), in the decomposition process of leaf litter driven by 6 soil-inhabiting fungi imperfecti was studied under solid-state fermentations. All the tested fungi exhibited varied production profiles of lignocellulolytic enzymes and each caused different losses in total organic matter (TOM) during decomposition. Based on the results, the 6 fungi could be divided into 2 functional groups: Group 1 includes Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Acremonium sp., and Trichoderma sp., and Group 2 includes Pestalotiopsis sp. and Aspergillus fumigatus. Group 1, with higher CMCase and FPA activities, showed a higher decomposition rate than the fungi of Group 2 over the first 16 d, and thereafter the cellulolytic activities and decomposition rate slowed down. Group 2 showed the maximum and significantly higher CMCase and FPA activities than those of the Group 1 fungi during the later days. This, combined with the much higher laccase activity, produced a synergistic reaction that led to a much faster average mass loss rate. These results suggest that the fungi of Group 1 are efficient decomposers of cellulose and that the fungi of Group 2 are efficient decomposers of lignocellulose. During cultivation, Pestalotiopsis sp. produced an appreciable amount of laccase activity (0.56+/-0.09 U/ml) without the addition of inducers and caused a loss in TOM of 38.2%+/-3.0%, suggesting that it has high potential to be a new efficient laccase-producing fungus.
在固态发酵条件下，研究了漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、羧甲基纤维素酶（CMCase）和滤纸酶活性（FPA）等木质素分解酶和纤维素分解酶在6种土壤栖居半知菌驱动的落叶分解过程中的作用。所有测试真菌均表现出不同的木质纤维素分解酶产生模式，并且在分解过程中每种真菌导致的总有机质（TOM）损失不同。根据结果，这6种真菌可分为2个功能组：第1组包括链格孢属、青霉属、枝顶孢属和木霉属，第2组包括拟盘多毛孢属和烟曲霉。第1组具有较高的CMCase和FPA活性，在前16天显示出比第2组真菌更高的分解速率，此后纤维素分解活性和分解速率减慢。第2组在后期显示出最高且显著高于第1组真菌的CMCase和FPA活性。这与高得多的漆酶活性相结合，产生了协同反应，导致平均质量损失率快得多。这些结果表明，第1组真菌是纤维素的高效分解者，第2组真菌是木质纤维素的高效分解者。在培养过程中，拟盘多毛孢属在不添加诱导剂的情况下产生了可观的漆酶活性（0.56±0.09 U/ml），并导致TOM损失38.2%±3.0%，表明它有潜力成为一种新的高效漆酶产生真菌。
