Naranjo Leopoldo, Urbina Hector, De Sisto Angela, Leon Vladimir
Unidad de Biotecnología del Petróleo, Centro de Biotecnología, Fundación Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), C/Hoyo de la Puerta-Baruta, Sartenejas, Caracas 1080, Venezuela.
Biocatal Biotransformation. 2007 Mar;25(2-4):341-349. doi: 10.1080/10242420701379908.
The increasing world demand for fuels makes it necessary to exploit the largest reserve of extra-heavy crude oil (EHCO) of the Orinoco Oil Belt from Venezuela. We propose the use of extracellular oxidative enzymes, in particular, lignin-degrading enzyme systems (LDS) of fungi, for enzymatic improvement of EHCO. Autochthonous non-white rot fungal strains able to use EHCO, and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as sole carbon source and energy, were isolated from EHCO-polluted soils and identified as belonging to the genera Fusarium, Penicillium , Trichoderma , Aspergillus , Neosartorya, Pseudallescheria, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis , Phoma and Paecillomyces. Phenotypic and biochemical assays revealed the ability of these filamentous fungi to synthesize extracellular oxidative enzymes, and suggested a relationship between the LDS and EHCO bioconversion. This work reports, for the first time, the use of o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) as substrate to measure extracellular ligninolytic peroxidases (ELP) in culture broths of filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani HP-1), and constitutes the first formal study of the fungal community associated with the EHCO of the Orinoco Oil Belt.
全球对燃料的需求不断增加，因此有必要开发委内瑞拉奥里诺科油带中储量最大的超重质原油（EHCO）。我们建议使用细胞外氧化酶，特别是真菌的木质素降解酶系统（LDS），对EHCO进行酶法改良。从受EHCO污染的土壤中分离出能够将EHCO和几种多环芳烃（PAHs）作为唯一碳源和能源的本地非白腐真菌菌株，并鉴定为镰刀菌属、青霉属、木霉属、曲霉属、新萨托菌属、拟阿利什菌属、枝孢菌属、拟盘多毛孢属、茎点霉属和拟青霉属。表型和生化分析揭示了这些丝状真菌合成细胞外氧化酶的能力，并表明LDS与EHCO生物转化之间存在关联。这项工作首次报道了使用盐酸邻苯二胺（OPD）作为底物来测定丝状真菌（茄病镰刀菌HP-1）培养液中的细胞外木质素分解过氧化物酶（ELP），并且是对与奥里诺科油带EHCO相关的真菌群落的首次正式研究。
