Madhi Shabir A, Kuwanda Locadiah, Cutland Clare, Klugman Keith P
University of the Witwatersrand/Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Clin Virol. 2006 Jul;36(3):215-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.03.010. Epub 2006 May 5.
To describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-LRTI) hospitalizations in South African children over a 5-year period, and determine the impact of gestational age (GA) on the incidence of RSV-LRTI hospitalization.
A cohort of 39,836 children, 6.47% of whom were HIV infected, enrolled into a phase 3 trial were prospectively studied for respiratory viruses when hospitalized for LRTI.
The incidence of hospitalization for RSV-LRTI was 19.4 per 1000 in HIV uninfected children and 2.5-fold (95% CI 2.04-3.03) greater in HIV infected children (45.0 per 1000). The incidence of RSV-LRTI was 4.9-fold greater (95% CI 3.9-6.8) in children born at <36 weeks of gestational age (GA) and repeat hospitalizations for RSV-LRTI was 3.7-fold (95% CI 1.4-9.4) more likely in these children (7.3%) than children born at > or =36 weeks of GA (1.9%). The burden of RSV-LRTI was greater in children born at <32 weeks of GA than those born at 32-35 weeks of GA between 6-12 months (P=0.008) and 12-24 months of age (P=0.001). The RSV epidemic occurred at the end of the rainy season and peaked when the monthly temperatures were at its lowest each year.
描述南非儿童5年期间呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）相关下呼吸道感染（RSV-LRTI）住院的流行病学情况，并确定胎龄（GA）对RSV-LRTI住院发生率的影响。
对39836名儿童进行队列研究，其中6.47%为HIV感染儿童，这些儿童参加了一项3期试验，在因LRTI住院时对呼吸道病毒进行前瞻性研究。
未感染HIV儿童中RSV-LRTI的住院发生率为每1000人中有19.4例，而感染HIV儿童中该发生率高出2.5倍（95%CI 2.04-3.03）（每1000人中有45.0例）。胎龄<36周（GA）出生的儿童中RSV-LRTI的发生率高出4.9倍（95%CI 3.9-6.8），这些儿童（7.3%）因RSV-LRTI再次住院的可能性比胎龄≥36周出生的儿童（1.9%）高出3.7倍（95%CI 1.4-9.4）。在6至12个月（P=0.008）和12至24个月龄（P=0.001）时，胎龄<32周出生的儿童比胎龄32至35周出生的儿童中RSV-LRTI的负担更重。RSV流行发生在雨季结束时，并在每年月气温最低时达到高峰。
