Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2010 May;2(5):1111-20. doi: 10.3390/toxins2051111. Epub 2010 May 14.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi are members of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Nowadays, there are about 20 species accepted as OTA producers, which are distributed in three phylogenetically related but distinct groups of aspergilli of the subgenus Circumdati and only in two species of the subgenus Penicillium. At the moment, P. verrucosum and P. nordicum are the only OTA producing species accepted in the genus Penicillium. However, during the last century, OTA producers in this genus were classified as P. viridicatum for many years. At present, only some OTA producing species are known to be a potential source of OTA contamination of cereals and certain common foods and beverages such as bread, beer, coffee, dried fruits, grape juice and wine among others. Penicillium verrucosum is the major producer of OTA in cereals such as wheat and barley in temperate and cold climates. Penicillium verrucosum and P. nordicum can be recovered from some dry-cured meat products and some cheeses.
赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）产生真菌是曲霉菌属和青霉菌属的成员。如今，约有 20 种被认为是 OTA 的产生者，它们分布在三个在进化上相关但不同的曲霉亚属 Circumdati 群中，仅在两个青霉菌亚属种中。目前，只有 P. verrucosum 和 P. nordicum 被认为是青霉菌属中的 OTA 产生者。然而，在上个世纪，该属中的 OTA 产生者被归类为 P. viridicatum 多年。目前，仅已知一些 OTA 产生者是谷物和某些常见食品和饮料（如面包、啤酒、咖啡、干果、葡萄汁和葡萄酒等）中 OTA 污染的潜在来源。在温带和寒冷气候下，产黄青霉是小麦和大麦等谷物中 OTA 的主要产生者。青霉属 verrucosum 和 P. nordicum 可从一些干腌肉制品和一些奶酪中回收。
