Bejaoui H, Mathieu F, Taillandier P, Lebrihi A
Laboratoire de Génie Chimique UMR5503 (CNRS-INPT-UPS), ENSAT/INPT: 1, Av. de l'Agrobiopôle BP32607, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, Cedex, France.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Sep 1;111 Suppl 1:S46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.03.004. Epub 2006 May 15.
A survey on the occurrence on grape of black Aspergillus species and their capability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) was conducted in France over three years (2001-2003) in 10 vineyards from four winemaking regions with different geographical locations and climatic conditions. During 2001 and 2002, from setting to harvest, the total numbers of fungal isolates were respectively 721 and 711 increasing in 2003 to reach 1035. The Aspergillus genus was essentially represented by Section Nigri (99%) and it was predominant (80%+/-4.6) when compared to Penicillium (20%+/-4.6). Regardless of sampling year, 32.5% (+/-sigma=1.26) of the fungal isolates were OTA producers and 93% (+/-sigma=2.65) belonging to black aspergilli. The ochratoxigenic potential of the isolates and their occurrence on grapes revealed that Aspergillus carbonarius was the main OTA producer (up to 37.5 mug/g). At harvest time, the fungal population was maximal and this was the most critical period influencing OTA contamination. Grapes from Languedoc-Roussillon region were most infested with ochratoxigenic fungi and had the highest concentrations of OTA (up to 2.8 ng/g).
在三年（2001 - 2003年）期间，法国对四个不同地理位置和气候条件的酿酒区的10个葡萄园中的葡萄上黑曲霉属物种的发生情况及其产生赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的能力进行了调查。在2001年和2002年，从坐果到收获，真菌分离株的总数分别为721株和711株，2003年增加到1035株。曲霉属主要由黑曲霉组（99%）代表，与青霉属（20%±4.6）相比占主导地位（80%±4.6）。无论采样年份如何，32.5%（±标准差 = 1.26）的真菌分离株是OTA生产者，93%（±标准差 = 2.65）属于黑曲霉。分离株的产赭曲霉毒素潜力及其在葡萄上的出现表明，黑曲霉是主要的OTA生产者（高达37.5微克/克）。在收获时，真菌数量最多，这是影响OTA污染的最关键时期。朗格多克 - 鲁西永地区的葡萄受产赭曲霉毒素真菌的侵染最严重，OTA浓度最高（高达2.8纳克/克）。
