Cristaldi M, Ieradi L A, Mascanzoni D, Mattei T
Department of Ecology, Calabria University, Italy.
Int J Radiat Biol. 1991 Jan;59(1):31-40. doi: 10.1080/09553009114550031.
An investigation was carried out in Sweden aimed at studying the possible genetic effects of the Chernobyl fallout on wild small mammals. The bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.) were obtained from three differently contaminated areas in Sweden and, for control, in an area with negligible contamination by fallout. Radionuclide determinations to assess the content of 137Cs and mutagenicity tests (bone marrow micronucleus test and sperm abnormality assay) were performed. The results obtained showed a positive correlation between the increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCE/1000 PCE) and both 137Cs content in muscle and in soil contamination. The estimated doses absorbed by the animals were far lower than those required for the same effect in laboratory experiments. An explanation of this discrepancy between dose and measured biological effect is not available, yet similar results have been repeatedly reported after the Chernobyl accident and should be a matter for further discussion. An increased frequency of micronucleated cells might occur at minimal dose gradients, and the micronucleus test appears to be a valid tool to show such effects.
在瑞典开展了一项调查，旨在研究切尔诺贝利核辐射沉降物对野生小型哺乳动物可能产生的遗传影响。选取了来自瑞典三个不同污染区域的田鼠（黄毛鼠），并选取了一个沉降物污染可忽略不计的区域作为对照。进行了放射性核素测定以评估¹³⁷Cs的含量，并开展了致突变性试验（骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验）。所得结果显示，多染性红细胞微核率（MPCE/1000 PCE）的增加与肌肉中¹³⁷Cs含量及土壤污染均呈正相关。动物吸收的估计剂量远低于实验室实验中产生相同效应所需的剂量。目前尚无法解释剂量与所测生物效应之间的这种差异，但切尔诺贝利事故后曾多次报告过类似结果，这应是进一步讨论的问题。在最小剂量梯度下可能会出现微核细胞频率增加的情况，微核试验似乎是显示此类效应的有效工具。
