Beaudouin E, Renaudin J M, Morisset M, Codreanu F, Kanny G, Moneret-Vautrin D A
Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France.
Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Feb;38(2):45-51.
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is defined as the onset of allergic symptoms during, or immediately after, exercise, the clinical signs being various degrees of urticaria, angioedema, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs and even anaphylactic shock. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) introduces food in the syndrome and is revealed by a chronological sequence in which food intake, followed by exercise, induces symptoms after a varying period. When the food intake and the exercise are independent of each other, there are no symptoms. FDEIA is not very frequent. Identifying the culprit food allergen depends on the patient's eating habits. Crustaceans and wheat flour are the two commonest but others foods can be implicated. The patho-physiology of FDEIA has not been clearly established but it appears to result from degranulation of mast cells. As with food allergy, FDEIA diagnosis is based on interview, skin and biological tests and challenge. For the clinical signs of allergy, antihistamines, corticosteroids and epinephrine may be administered. Prophylaxis aims to prevent a recurrence; the patient should be given an emergency kit to deal with any recurrent episode. After the food allergen has been identified, it should be avoided for at least 4 to 5 hours before any exercise.
运动诱发的过敏反应（EIA）被定义为在运动期间或运动后立即出现的过敏症状发作，临床体征包括不同程度的荨麻疹、血管性水肿、呼吸和胃肠道症状，甚至过敏性休克。食物依赖运动诱发的过敏反应（FDEIA）在该综合征中引入了食物因素，其表现为一种时间顺序，即先摄入食物，随后运动，在一段不同的时间后诱发症状。当食物摄入和运动相互独立时，则不会出现症状。FDEIA并不常见。确定致敏食物过敏原取决于患者的饮食习惯。甲壳类动物和小麦粉是最常见的两种，但其他食物也可能涉及。FDEIA的病理生理学尚未明确，但似乎是由肥大细胞脱颗粒导致的。与食物过敏一样，FDEIA的诊断基于问诊、皮肤和生物学检测以及激发试验。对于过敏的临床体征，可给予抗组胺药、皮质类固醇和肾上腺素。预防旨在防止复发；应给患者配备急救包以应对任何复发情况。在确定食物过敏原后，在进行任何运动前至少4至5小时应避免食用该食物。
