Coast Ernestina
London School of Economics, London, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2006 Aug;63(4):1000-10. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 May 18.
Migration is an important process of change for rural populations in developing countries. Migration is a primary cause of behaviour change-by their very act of migrating, migrants are different from those who do not migrate. The focus of the current study is male rural-urban migration in Tanzania and its interaction with sexual behaviour. The analysis presents results from a comparison with individual-level analyses of two populations, one (composed of recent rural-urban migrants) in an urban area and one made up of residents in a rural area. Detailed migration histories (n=96 rural-urban migrants) and in-depth interviews form the basis of the analysis. Three key research questions are addressed: How does the sexual behaviour of migrants differ from that of rural residents? How do HIV knowledge levels vary between rural-urban migrants and rural residents? What factors are associated with either intentions of behaviour change or reported behaviour? The results are counter-intuitive: rural-urban migrants-both married and unmarried-are not having sex in town. Despite limited understanding of the nature of HIV, the migrant population studied here regulates its behaviour in a way that reflects local understandings of the disease. This finding is important, not least because it challenges the view that HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is largely transmitted to rural areas by return migrants. Maasai rural-urban migrants in Tanzania-both married and unmarried-are not having sex in town. The policy and service provision implications of the results are explored.
人口迁移是发展中国家农村人口变化的一个重要过程。迁移是行为改变的一个主要原因——仅仅通过迁移这一行为，移民就与非移民有所不同。本研究的重点是坦桑尼亚农村男性向城市的迁移及其与性行为的相互作用。该分析呈现了对两个群体进行个体层面分析的比较结果，一个群体（由近期从农村迁往城市的移民组成）位于城市地区，另一个群体由农村居民组成。详细的迁移历史（96名农村向城市的移民）和深入访谈构成了分析的基础。研究解决了三个关键问题：移民的性行为与农村居民的性行为有何不同？农村向城市的移民和农村居民之间的艾滋病毒知识水平如何变化？哪些因素与行为改变的意图或报告的行为相关？结果与直觉相反：农村向城市的移民，无论已婚还是未婚，在城市都没有性行为。尽管对艾滋病毒的本质了解有限，但这里研究的移民群体以一种反映当地对该疾病理解的方式规范自己的行为。这一发现很重要，尤其是因为它挑战了撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒主要由返乡移民传播到农村地区的观点。坦桑尼亚马赛族农村向城市的移民，无论已婚还是未婚，在城市都没有性行为。文中探讨了这些结果对政策和服务提供的影响。
